除颤器的信号处理算法研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 19:30

本文选题：异步除颤　切入点：同步除颤　出处：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：心室颤动(Ventricular Fibrillation,室颤)是一种严重危及患者生命安全的恶性心律失常。心源性猝死(sudden cardiacdeath,SCD)是心血管疾病的主要死亡原因,占心血管病死亡总数的50%以上。而造成SCD的主要原因是,在各类心血管病变的基础上发生的一时性功能障碍和电生理改变,并引发恶性室性心动过速(ventricular tachycardia,室速)、室颤等。由于SCD发病急、进展快、病情凶险,且80%发生在医院外,且其中80%又发生在睡眠中,造成抢救困难,常常使患者的突然死亡,给家庭和社会造成重大损失,是严重威胁人民健康和生命的恶性疾病。目前室颤是成人心搏骤停最常见的心律失常类型,在院前突发的SCD中室颤占30-40%。有文献报道院前猝死的存活者中大部分是以室颤为初始心搏骤停的节律,能否成功复苏与电除颤的应用率密切相关。因此,早期电除颤成为心肺复苏中终止室颤的唯一有效手段,每延迟除颤1分钟,抢救成功率就下降7-10%。心房颤动(atrialFibrillation,房颤)是心房发生病变在体表心电图上的表现,此时心房已不能正常的完成舒张与收缩。房颤是一种慢性的心律失常,初始可能为短暂性房颤,但如果不及时进行诊治,会发展为永久性房颤,引起中风等恶性疾病。本系统主要研究室颤和房颤检测的算法,并应用此算法在异步除颤模式下正确定位室颤,在同步除颤模式下正确定位房颤,并根据QRS波检测环节及时定位出的QRS波位置,及时进行除颤,挽救患者生命。在对大量心电数据研究的基础上,最终采用以Lempel-Ziv复杂度为主的计算方法进行室颤检测,先以斜率方法及时定位QRS波的位置,再以RR间期不规则度的计算方法进行房颤检测,实现系统的异步除颤和同步除颤。本系统采用公共开源标准数据库MIT和CU进行准确性评测,评测结果表明系统性能较好,抗干扰能力强,能够实现正确定位室颤和房颤。同时由于系统的计算量适中,实现后,系统可移植到除颤监护仪和自动体外除颤器(Automatic External Defibrillator,AED)等设备,特别适用于一般的小型嵌入式除颤类设备中。
[Abstract]:Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a kind of malignant arrhythmia which seriously endangers the life of patients. Sudden cardiac death (SCDs) is the main cause of death of cardiovascular diseases, accounting for more than 50% of the total death of cardiovascular diseases. On the basis of all kinds of cardiovascular diseases, transient dysfunction and electrophysiological changes occurred, and caused malignant ventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and so on. Among them, 80% occurred in sleep, causing rescue difficulties, often causing sudden death of patients, causing great losses to families and society. Ventricular fibrillation is the most common type of arrhythmia in adults with sudden cardiac arrest. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) accounts for 30-40% of the sudden SCD before hospital. It has been reported that most of the survivors of sudden death before hospital use ventricular fibrillation as the rhythm of initial cardiac arrest. The successful resuscitation is closely related to the rate of defibrillation. Early electrical defibrillation has become the only effective way to terminate ventricular fibrillation in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Every minute of defibrillation, the success rate of rescue is reduced by 7-100.Atrial fibrillation is the manifestation of atrial lesion on the surface electrocardiogram. Atrial fibrillation, a chronic arrhythmia, may initially be transient atrial fibrillation, but if not treated in time, it can develop into permanent atrial fibrillation. This system mainly studies the detection algorithm of ventricular fibrillation and atrial fibrillation, and uses this algorithm to correctly locate ventricular fibrillation in asynchronous defibrillation mode and atrial fibrillation in synchronous defibrillation mode. According to the position of QRS wave located in time by QRS wave detection, defibrillation can be carried out in time to save patient's life. On the basis of studying a large number of ECG data, the method of calculating the complexity of Lempel-Ziv is used to detect ventricular fibrillation. First, the position of QRS wave is located in time by slope method, and then the atrial fibrillation is detected by calculating the irregular degree of RR interval to realize the asynchronous defibrillation and synchronous defibrillation of the system. The system adopts MIT and CU to evaluate the accuracy of the system. The evaluation results show that the system has good performance, strong anti-interference ability, and can realize the correct positioning of ventricular fibrillation and atrial fibrillation. Because of the moderate calculation of the system, the system can be transplanted to defibrillation monitor and automatic External defibrillator AED. etc. It is especially suitable for small embedded defibrillators.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN911.7;R541.75

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