肺动脉高压患者右房结构和功能的评估
发布时间：2018-07-18 08:29
【摘要】：肺动脉高压的主要特点是肺血管阻力进行性升高,肺血管重构,导致患者最}B因右心衰竭而死。右房在此过程中发生结构与功能的改变,这对调节右室充盈和维持整体心输出量具有举足轻重的作用,为肺动脉高压患者监测病情和判断预后提供重要线索。1与左心房相似,在心脏整个心动周期中,右房亦具有三个基本功能:(1)储器功能:在三尖瓣关闭时,右房储存经上、下腔静脉和冠状静脉窦回流的血液;(2)管道功能:在三尖瓣开放早期,系统静脉血借助右室的主动抽吸作用于右房被动的进入右室;(3)助力泵功能:在三尖瓣开放后期,右房主动收缩泵血进一步增加右室充盈。2肺动脉高压时,长期的后负荷增加导致右室发生心肌重构,顺应性减低,心腔扩大,容积增加,最终出现舒缩功能障碍。与此同时右房发生一系列结构和功能的改变,如右房扩大,压力增加,右房三个时相的功能发生代偿性改变等。由于右房形态的复杂性及研究方法学的限制,国内外目前针对右房的研究相对较少,现就肺动脉高压患者右房结构和功能的评估做一些综述。
[Abstract]:Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary vascular remodeling, leading to the death of patients with right heart failure. Changes in structure and function of right atrium occur during this process, which plays an important role in regulating right ventricular filling and maintaining global cardiac output, and provides important clues for monitoring the condition and judging prognosis in patients with pulmonary hypertension, which is similar to that of left atrium. Throughout the cardiac cycle, the right atrium also has three basic functions: (1) storage function: when the tricuspid valve is closed, the right atrium stores the blood flowing through the superior, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus; (2) the conduit function: at the early stage of tricuspid valve opening, (3) the function of booster pump: at the late stage of tricuspid valve opening, the right atrial active contraction pump further increased the right ventricular filling of pulmonary hypertension. Long term afterload increase leads to right ventricular remodeling, decreased compliance, enlarged heart cavity, increased volume, and eventually resulted in systolic and diastolic dysfunction. At the same time, a series of structural and functional changes occurred in the right atrium, such as the enlargement of the right atrium, the increase of pressure, and the compensatory changes of the function of the three phases of the right atrium. Due to the complexity of right atrium morphology and the limitation of research methodology, there are relatively few studies on right atrium at home and abroad. This paper reviews the evaluation of right atrial structure and function in patients with pulmonary hypertension.
【学位授予单位】：河北医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R544.1
本文编号：2131332
[Abstract]:Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary vascular remodeling, leading to the death of patients with right heart failure. Changes in structure and function of right atrium occur during this process, which plays an important role in regulating right ventricular filling and maintaining global cardiac output, and provides important clues for monitoring the condition and judging prognosis in patients with pulmonary hypertension, which is similar to that of left atrium. Throughout the cardiac cycle, the right atrium also has three basic functions: (1) storage function: when the tricuspid valve is closed, the right atrium stores the blood flowing through the superior, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus; (2) the conduit function: at the early stage of tricuspid valve opening, (3) the function of booster pump: at the late stage of tricuspid valve opening, the right atrial active contraction pump further increased the right ventricular filling of pulmonary hypertension. Long term afterload increase leads to right ventricular remodeling, decreased compliance, enlarged heart cavity, increased volume, and eventually resulted in systolic and diastolic dysfunction. At the same time, a series of structural and functional changes occurred in the right atrium, such as the enlargement of the right atrium, the increase of pressure, and the compensatory changes of the function of the three phases of the right atrium. Due to the complexity of right atrium morphology and the limitation of research methodology, there are relatively few studies on right atrium at home and abroad. This paper reviews the evaluation of right atrial structure and function in patients with pulmonary hypertension.
【学位授予单位】：河北医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R544.1
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