大气污染与先天性心脏病关系的研究进展

发布时间：2018-07-29 19:29

【摘要】：一些流行病学研究表明,大气污染在一定程度上影响胎儿生长发育。近年来,有关孕期大气污染物暴露对妊娠不良结局的影响越来越引起重视,污染物与先天性心脏病的关系是其中重要的研究课题之一。目前一些研究初步证实了母亲孕期污染物暴露与先天性心脏病有关,但研究证据不足,且关于某一种污染物暴露对某一种先天性心脏病的影响尚无定论,相关的评估框架亟待总结和梳理。本文从大气污染对先天性心脏病发生风险的完整评估框架(暴露评估、暴露指标、量化方法、剂量-反应关系)的4个环节入手,系统评述了大气污染与先天性心脏病关系的国内外研究进展。针对目前在污染物暴露评估方法、剂量-反应量化方法和先天性心脏病风险的量化指标选取等方面研究的不足进行了总结剖析。旨在通过建立统一、精准的污染物暴露评估方法,选择确切的污染物暴露剂量和合理的暴露风险评估值,完善传统的量化方法,最终客观、真实地揭示大气污染物暴露与先天性心脏病之间的剂量-反应关系。最后,提出目前该研究领域所面临的诸多问题以及未来发展的趋势。以期为今后大气污染对先天性心脏病的影响评价指明方向,并为预防先天性心脏病、降低儿童死亡率等提供决策依据。
[Abstract]:Some epidemiological studies have shown that air pollution affects fetal growth and development to some extent. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the effects of exposure to air pollutants during pregnancy on the adverse outcome of pregnancy, and the relationship between pollutants and congenital heart disease is one of the important research topics. Some studies have preliminarily confirmed the association between maternal exposure to pollutants during pregnancy and congenital heart disease, but there is insufficient evidence in the study, and there is no conclusion on the effect of a certain pollutant exposure on a certain congenital heart disease. The relevant evaluation framework needs to be summarized and combed. This paper starts with four steps of the complete assessment framework (exposure assessment, exposure index, quantification method, dose-response relationship) of air pollution to congenital heart disease. The research progress on the relationship between air pollution and congenital heart disease at home and abroad is reviewed systematically. This paper summarizes and analyzes the deficiencies of the current research on pollutant exposure assessment method, dose response quantification method and the selection of quantitative indexes for congenital heart disease risk. The aim of this paper is to establish a unified and accurate assessment method for pollutant exposure, to select the exact exposure dose and reasonable exposure risk assessment value, to perfect the traditional quantitative method, and finally to be objective. The dose-response relationship between exposure to atmospheric pollutants and congenital heart disease is revealed. Finally, many problems and future trends in this field are proposed. The aim is to point out the direction of assessment of the influence of air pollution on congenital heart disease in the future, and to provide the decision basis for the prevention of congenital heart disease and the reduction of child mortality.
【作者单位】：内蒙古大学生态与环境学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41571090,41201539)
【分类号】：R541.1

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