超声检查老年人吞咽功能障碍

发布时间：2018-10-23 12:17

【摘要】：目的探讨超声在检测老年人吞咽功能障碍中的特点及价值。资料与方法选择有吞咽障碍的老年患者41例及健康成人32例。采用二维及M型超声对老年患者及健康成人舌体吞咽运动进行检测,包括干吞咽及吞咽5 ml水时吞咽动作,比较舌吞咽持续时间及舌根运动幅度。结果健康成人在干吞咽及吞咽5 ml水时舌的运动幅度分别为(0.95±0.18)cm、(1.02±0.30)cm,均大于老年患者的(0.53±0.19)cm、(0.61±0.26)cm(P0.05)。正常成人在干吞咽及吞咽5 ml水时舌的吞咽时间分别为(1.27±0.48)s、(1.31±0.39)s,而老年患者分别为(1.97±0.31)s、(2.38±0.41)s,明显长于健康成人(P0.01)。结论吞咽障碍的老年患者中脑卒中占大多数。脑卒中患者最常见的吞咽功能障碍原因就是舌根部运动不充分,舌推进力量减退。超声能监测和测量舌的运动幅度及运动时间,并且实时、量化、方便、可重复,可以作为检测老年患者尤其是脑卒中患者吞咽功能障碍的一种较可靠实用的检查方法,为临床提供吞咽功能障碍的量化指标。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the characteristics and value of ultrasonography in the detection of senile dysphagia. Materials and methods 41 elderly patients with dysphagia and 32 healthy adults were selected. Two-dimensional and M-mode ultrasound were used to detect the tongue body swallowing motion in elderly patients and healthy adults, including dry swallowing and swallowing for 5 ml. The duration of tongue swallowing and the amplitude of tongue root movement were compared. Results the amplitude of tongue movement in healthy adults at dry swallowing and swallowing for 5 ml was (0.95 卤0.18) cm, (卤0.30) cm, which was significantly higher than that in elderly patients (0.53 卤0.19) cm, (, 0.61 卤0.26) cm (, P0.05). The swallowing time of tongue was (1.27 卤0.48) s, (卤0.39) s in dry swallowing and 5 ml water in normal adults, and (1.97 卤0.31) s, (2.38 卤0.41) s in elderly patients, which was significantly longer than that in healthy adults (P0.01). Conclusion Stroke accounts for most of the elderly patients with dysphagia. The most common causes of dysphagia in stroke patients are insufficient tongue movement and decreased tongue propulsion. Ultrasound can monitor and measure the motion amplitude and time of tongue, and real-time, quantification, convenience, repeatability, can be used as a more reliable and practical method to detect swallowing dysfunction in elderly patients, especially in stroke patients. To provide a quantitative index of dysphagia in clinic.
【作者单位】：解放军总医院南楼临床部超声科;
【分类号】：R445.1;R766

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