儿童睡眠呼吸障碍与口腔医学治疗

发布时间：2018-11-09 12:56

【摘要】：儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS),系因儿童上气道狭窄夜间反复阻塞而影响血氧交换。由于夜间缺氧对生长发育的损害,将影响睡眠期间生长激素分泌、脑皮层的休眠及活动,对体格发育、精神行为、学习能力、性格养成均有不利影响,是医学领域重要的交叉学科内容,但尚存许多研究空白。口腔医学的介入,一方面以口腔医学特殊手段,如头影测量等,开展OSAHS患儿的颅面形态诊断和分析,并能够实现对上气道生长发育的追踪观察;另一方面能够提供多种改善睡眠呼吸、改善因睡眠呼吸障碍导致的牙颌面畸形的治疗手段,较为典型的有下颌前导、横向扩弓和上颌前方牵引。口腔医学对符合条件的OSAHS儿童开展治疗,是对腺体手术疗法的重要补充,纠正睡眠呼吸障碍带来的并发症,此外还可以探讨对成人OSAHS的预防。
[Abstract]:Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS),) affects blood oxygen exchange in children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome due to recurrent nocturnal obstruction of upper airway stenosis. Because of the damage to growth and development caused by nocturnal hypoxia, it will affect the secretion of growth hormone during sleep, the dormancy and activity of cerebral cortex, and have adverse effects on physical development, mental behavior, learning ability and personality formation. It is an important interdisciplinary subject in the field of medicine, but there are still many gaps in research. The intervention of Stomatology, on the one hand, uses special means of stomatology, such as cephalometric measurement, to diagnose and analyze the craniofacial morphology of children with OSAHS, and can follow up the growth and development of the upper airway. On the other hand, it can provide a variety of methods to improve sleep breathing, improve the treatment of dental and maxillofacial deformity caused by sleep apnea, such as mandibular leading, transverse arch expansion and maxillary anterior traction. Stomatology therapy for eligible OSAHS children is an important supplement to glandular surgery and correction of complications caused by sleep apnea. In addition, the prevention of adult OSAHS can be explored.
【作者单位】：北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院正畸科;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30872915) 首都医学发展科研基金资助项目(2007-3009)
【分类号】：R766;R78

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