基于易组装双T通道乳液发生器装置的聚丙烯腈厚壁靶丸制备及碳化研究探索

发布时间：2018-11-16 20:46

【摘要】：核聚变能是一种无放射性的清洁能源,随着人们对聚变的不断研究和探索,人们已经认识到了核聚变能越来越多的优势。激光惯性约束聚变(ICF)实验对所使用的微球靶丸要求非常严格,靶丸材料的性能直接影响到ICF实验的成功与否。ICF靶丸材料各具优势与缺陷,其中聚合物空心微球聚焦于多种不同的聚合物材料,通过对比聚合物材料各自的特性,利用聚合物易于改性的特点,在理论上可制备出性能优良的聚合物空心微球。聚丙烯腈(PAN)化学物理性质稳定,具有较强的抗腐蚀性能和抗辐射性能,并且对于氢同位素的渗透率大大降低,有利于燃料的储存和保持。本文以聚丙烯腈空心微球制备工艺的确立和厚壁聚丙烯腈空心微球(内直径和壁厚分别为220±20μ m和90±10μm)的制备以及厚壁聚丙烯腈空心微球的预氧化处理为主要内容。本文主要研究内容：1.聚丙烯腈空心微球制备工艺的确立：在以搭建的双T型通道的微乳粒发生器为装置的基础上,通过对比由不同溶液组成的三相体系制备的双重乳液实验现象,分析双重乳液的生成情况以及不同溶液组分的影响,最后得到最适合制备聚丙烯腈空心微球的三相溶液体系。2.厚壁聚丙烯腈空心微球的制备：在确立了制备聚丙烯腈空心微球的三相溶液体系后,通过调整溶液浓度以及微乳粒发生器的三相溶液流速,可以得到厚壁的聚丙烯腈双重溶液,由于壁厚较厚,在固化过程中难于保持壁厚均匀性,因此通过讨论固化温度以及外油相的粘度对厚壁聚丙烯腈双重乳液的壁厚均匀性和球形度的影响来得到具有良好壁厚均匀性和球形度的厚壁聚丙烯腈空心微球。3.厚壁聚丙烯腈空心微球的预氧化处理：通过设置不同预氧化温度以及不同预氧化升温速率的实验条件,可得到不同物理结构和化学结构的聚丙烯腈预氧化空心微球。主要物理结构变化有皮芯结构的产生和芯部孔洞的产生。伴随着物理结构的变化,其化学结构也发生了变化,主要通过红外、元素分析进行判断。并分析了皮芯结构随实验条件变化的趋势以及讨论了芯部孔洞产生的原因。
[Abstract]:Nuclear agglomeration energy is a kind of non-radioactive clean energy. With the continuous research and exploration of fusion, people have realized the advantage of nuclear convergence energy. The (ICF) experiment of laser inertial confinement fusion has strict requirements for the pellets used, and the performance of the target material directly affects the success of the ICF experiment. The ICF target material has its own advantages and disadvantages. Polymer hollow microspheres focus on a variety of different polymer materials. By comparing the characteristics of polymer materials and taking advantage of the characteristics that polymer is easy to modify, polymer hollow microspheres with excellent performance can be prepared theoretically. The chemical and physical properties of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) are stable, with strong corrosion resistance and radiation resistance, and the permeability of hydrogen isotopes is greatly reduced, which is beneficial to the storage and maintenance of fuel. In this paper, the preparation process of polyacrylonitrile hollow microspheres and the preparation of thick-walled polyacrylonitrile hollow microspheres (internal diameter and wall thickness of 220 卤20 渭 m and 90 卤10 渭 m respectively) and pre-oxidation treatment of thick-walled polyacrylonitrile hollow microspheres are discussed. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The preparation process of polyacrylonitrile hollow microspheres: on the basis of a double T-channel microemulsion generator, the experimental phenomena of double emulsion prepared by three-phase system composed of different solutions were compared. The formation of double emulsion and the influence of different solution components are analyzed. Finally, the three-phase solution system is obtained, which is most suitable for the preparation of polyacrylonitrile hollow microspheres. Preparation of thick wall polyacrylonitrile hollow microspheres: after the three-phase solution system for the preparation of polyacrylonitrile hollow microspheres is established, the thick-walled polyacrylonitrile dual solution can be obtained by adjusting the concentration of the solution and the flow rate of the three-phase solution of the microemulsion generator. Due to the thickness of the wall, it is difficult to keep the uniformity of the wall thickness during the curing process. Therefore, the effects of curing temperature and viscosity of external oil phase on wall thickness uniformity and sphericity of thick wall polyacrylonitrile double emulsion were discussed to obtain thick walled polyacrylonitrile hollow microspheres with good wall thickness uniformity and globality. Pre-oxidation treatment of thick walled polyacrylonitrile hollow microspheres: different physical and chemical structures of polyacrylonitrile hollow microspheres can be obtained by setting the experimental conditions of different pre-oxidation temperature and different pre-oxidation heating rate. The main changes of physical structure include the formation of skin core structure and the generation of core voids. With the change of physical structure, its chemical structure also changed, mainly through infrared, element analysis to judge. The variation trend of the core structure with the experimental conditions and the causes of the cavities in the core are analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R943

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