基于科学划界的弦理论分析
发布时间：2019-01-01 14:00
【摘要】：弦理论究竟是科学还是非科学,这不仅是科学领域的困惑,亦是科学哲学领域持续争论的问题,而问题的解决将极大地刷新人们对世界的根本认识和对科学的认知。关于该问题,科学家与哲学家各持己见、争执不下。众多科学家与科学哲学家判定弦理论是科学,认为弦理论是唯一的根本的万有理论,是解决量子力学与广义相对论矛盾的唯一可靠路径,虽然弦理论还未被证实,然而弦理论具有科学的众多属性,具有物理学所要求的数学要素、物理学基础、逻辑自洽,实然地满足任一物理学所要求的性质与特征;而且,科学的猜想与推论在自身足够精炼并包含一定真理性的认识境遇下,根据贝叶斯进路,在间接经验检验的支撑下,弦理论应当属于科学、具有科学的地位;而弦理论对科学地位的寻求将导致旧科学实在论的瓦解,旧的科学实在论应当实现自身的革命与发展以适应发展了的科学实际。相反,持弦理论为非科学的阵营认为终极理论不可能被发现,科学理论不应当有分别的有效性,况且弦理论与严格的经验实在论不符,那种摒弃实在而以纯粹抽象的数学方式、理论方式统一自然是必然会失败的;同时弦理论仅仅算科学推论,还不成其为理论,也还无法终结物理学,而且弦理论中强烈的数学形式并没有坚实的实在论基础,无法导致理论的科学性。将弦理论科学与否争论的核心问题分析、归纳为八个核心争执点是问题解决的有效进路。通过将双方阵营论据的归纳与总结,最终将二者的分歧划归为这样八个议题:终极理论是否存在;弦理论作为终极理论的唯一性何在;四种基本作用力被统一为“弦”,而超弦的五种理论又是否应当统一;弦理论的预言是否能被检验;弦理论的数学性到底对弦论的科学地位起了怎样的作用;科学实在到底是何种意义上的实在;科学推论是否是科学;数学是否是科学。其次,就这八个议题展开深层的科学认识论分析,以探究弦理论科学与否争论的本质所在。弦理论的科学性争论实际是科学实在论的冲突。在对八个核心议题的剖析结果显示,双方的争论实质上是两种科学实在论的争论;旧的经典的科学实在论框架中,实然的没有弦理论的容身之所,弦理论也就不成其为科学;然而,从量子力学到弦理论的发展路径来看,传统的经典科学实在论已难以面对汹涌的科学发展潮流,旧有的科学实在论难以解释新的科学材料,这预示着科学实在论的变革;在这一变革的境遇下,新的科学实在论势必发展起来,只有在这种新的发展起来的科学实在论视阈内弦理论才能根据其科学特征拥有科学地位。
[Abstract]:Whether string theory is a science or a non-science is not only a puzzle in the field of science, but also a question of continuous debate in the field of philosophy of science. The solution of the problem will greatly refresh the fundamental understanding of the world and the cognition of science. Scientists and philosophers are at odds with each other on this issue. Many scientists and scientific philosophers have decided that string theory is a science, that string theory is the only fundamental universal theory, and that string theory is the only reliable way to solve the contradiction between quantum mechanics and general relativity, although string theory has not yet been proved. However, string theory has many scientific attributes, mathematical elements required by physics, physics foundation, logical self-consistency, and meets the required properties and characteristics of any physics. Moreover, scientific conjecture and inference should belong to science and have scientific status under the condition of being refined enough and containing certain truth. According to Bayesian approach, string theory should belong to science under the support of indirect experience test. The search for scientific status in string theory will lead to the disintegration of old scientific realism. The old scientific realism should realize its own revolution and development in order to adapt to the developed scientific reality. On the contrary, the unscientific camp of string theory believes that the ultimate theory cannot be discovered, that scientific theory should not have a separate validity, and that string theory does not agree with strict empirical realism, that it rejects reality and uses purely abstract mathematical methods. It is inevitable that the unity of theory and method will fail; At the same time string theory is only a scientific inference which is not a theory nor an end to physics. Moreover the strong mathematical form of string theory does not have a solid foundation of realism which can not lead to the scientific nature of the theory. The analysis of the core problem of string theory science or not is summed up into eight core points which are the effective way to solve the problem. By summing up the arguments of the two camps, the differences between the two sides are classified into eight topics: whether the ultimate theory exists, what is the uniqueness of string theory as the ultimate theory; The four basic forces are unified as "strings", and whether the five theories of superstring should be unified, the prediction of string theory can be tested, the mathematical nature of string theory plays a role in the scientific status of string theory; What is the meaning of scientific reality; whether scientific inference is science; and whether mathematics is science. Secondly, the deep scientific epistemology analysis is carried out on the eight topics to explore the essence of the controversy. The scientific argument of string theory is actually the conflict of scientific realism. The analysis of the eight core issues shows that the arguments between the two sides are essentially two kinds of scientific realism; in the framework of the old classical scientific realism, the string theory is not scientific if there is no real place for string theory. However, from the perspective of quantum mechanics to string theory, it is difficult for the traditional classical scientific realism to face the turbulent trend of scientific development, and it is difficult for the old scientific realism to explain the new scientific materials, which indicates the change of scientific realism. Under the circumstances of this change, new scientific realism is bound to develop, only in this new development of scientific realism in the visual threshold string theory can have scientific status according to its scientific characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：N02
本文编号：2397668
[Abstract]:Whether string theory is a science or a non-science is not only a puzzle in the field of science, but also a question of continuous debate in the field of philosophy of science. The solution of the problem will greatly refresh the fundamental understanding of the world and the cognition of science. Scientists and philosophers are at odds with each other on this issue. Many scientists and scientific philosophers have decided that string theory is a science, that string theory is the only fundamental universal theory, and that string theory is the only reliable way to solve the contradiction between quantum mechanics and general relativity, although string theory has not yet been proved. However, string theory has many scientific attributes, mathematical elements required by physics, physics foundation, logical self-consistency, and meets the required properties and characteristics of any physics. Moreover, scientific conjecture and inference should belong to science and have scientific status under the condition of being refined enough and containing certain truth. According to Bayesian approach, string theory should belong to science under the support of indirect experience test. The search for scientific status in string theory will lead to the disintegration of old scientific realism. The old scientific realism should realize its own revolution and development in order to adapt to the developed scientific reality. On the contrary, the unscientific camp of string theory believes that the ultimate theory cannot be discovered, that scientific theory should not have a separate validity, and that string theory does not agree with strict empirical realism, that it rejects reality and uses purely abstract mathematical methods. It is inevitable that the unity of theory and method will fail; At the same time string theory is only a scientific inference which is not a theory nor an end to physics. Moreover the strong mathematical form of string theory does not have a solid foundation of realism which can not lead to the scientific nature of the theory. The analysis of the core problem of string theory science or not is summed up into eight core points which are the effective way to solve the problem. By summing up the arguments of the two camps, the differences between the two sides are classified into eight topics: whether the ultimate theory exists, what is the uniqueness of string theory as the ultimate theory; The four basic forces are unified as "strings", and whether the five theories of superstring should be unified, the prediction of string theory can be tested, the mathematical nature of string theory plays a role in the scientific status of string theory; What is the meaning of scientific reality; whether scientific inference is science; and whether mathematics is science. Secondly, the deep scientific epistemology analysis is carried out on the eight topics to explore the essence of the controversy. The scientific argument of string theory is actually the conflict of scientific realism. The analysis of the eight core issues shows that the arguments between the two sides are essentially two kinds of scientific realism; in the framework of the old classical scientific realism, the string theory is not scientific if there is no real place for string theory. However, from the perspective of quantum mechanics to string theory, it is difficult for the traditional classical scientific realism to face the turbulent trend of scientific development, and it is difficult for the old scientific realism to explain the new scientific materials, which indicates the change of scientific realism. Under the circumstances of this change, new scientific realism is bound to develop, only in this new development of scientific realism in the visual threshold string theory can have scientific status according to its scientific characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：N02
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