关于青岛地区初中生数感水平现状的调查研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 13:25

本文关键词：关于青岛地区初中生数感水平现状的调查研究　出处：《青岛大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：数感是一种人们自觉能动地理解并积极运用数的态度和意识,是一种基本的数学素养.数感是义务教育阶段数学课程标准强调的核心概念之一,建立良好的数感有助于学生理解现实生活中数的意义,理解或表述具体情境中的数量关系.通过问卷调查与访谈的方法,研究青岛地区初中学生的数感现状,得到相关结论.1.从整体来看,学生问卷调查得分较低,数感水平较弱;从数感各方面的表现来看,学生对数的意义理解方面表现相对较好,其次是对运算结果的合理估计、对运算意义的理解和对数与数、数量关系的理解,表现最弱的两方面是选择适当的策略方法解决问题以及解决现实生活中的问题.2.学生的数感水平在不同性别、不同年级之间并不存在明显差异,但是学生的数感水平在城乡之间存在着比较明显的差异,总体上来说市区学校学生的数感水平优于乡镇学校学生.3.学生的数感水平与学生的数学成绩、数学学习兴趣均有较为显著的相关关系.学生的数学学习兴趣较高时,数感水平较好;学生的数感处于较高水平时,学生的数学成绩也比较高.研究表明,影响学生数感培养的因素主要有以下6个方面:数感培养与现实生活情境相分离;过于重视精确的计算而忽略估算的价值;忽视引导学生直观感知数量;缺乏灵活选取数学策略解决问题的能力;过度强调规范步骤使得学生产生思维定势;乡镇学校学生数感培养存在明显问题.基于影响学生数感培养的因素,提出7条相应的提高建议:注重数学教学与生活情境相结合;重视学生估算价值认识与估算能力提升;注重直观感知在数感教学中的应用;注重应用数学策略解决问题的教学;重视数的意义的理解;引导学生积极地参与课堂教学;竭力提高乡镇学校学生数感水平.
[Abstract]:Number sense is a kind of attitude and consciousness that people understand and actively use numbers consciously and actively. It is a kind of basic mathematics accomplishment and it is one of the core concepts emphasized by mathematics curriculum standard in compulsory education stage. Establishing a good sense of number helps students understand the meaning of real life, understand or express the quantitative relationship in specific situations. Through questionnaires and interviews, this paper studies the current situation of the number sense of junior high school students in Qingdao area. From the overall point of view, the score of the questionnaire survey is low, the level of number sense is weak; From all aspects of the performance of the sense of number, students' understanding of the meaning of the number is relatively good, followed by the reasonable estimation of the results of the operation, the understanding of the meaning of the operation and the understanding of the relationship between logarithm and number and quantity. The two aspects of the weakest performance are to choose appropriate strategies to solve the problem and to solve the problem in real life. 2. The students' number sense level is different in gender, there is no significant difference between different grades. 2. However, there are obvious differences between urban and rural areas in the level of the students' number sense. On the whole, the level of the number sense of the urban school students is better than that of the township school students .3.The students' number sense level and the students' mathematics achievement. Students' interest in mathematics learning is better when their interest in mathematics learning is higher; When the students' number sense is at a high level, the students' mathematics achievement is also relatively high. The research shows that the main factors that affect the students' number sense cultivation are as follows: the number sense training is separated from the real life situation; Paying too much attention to accurate calculations and neglecting the value of estimates; Neglecting to guide the students to perceive the quantity directly; Lack of flexible choice of mathematical strategies to solve problems; Excessive emphasis on normative steps makes students have a fixed thinking pattern; There are obvious problems in the cultivation of students' sense of number in township schools. Based on the factors that affect the cultivation of students' sense of number, this paper puts forward seven corresponding suggestions for improvement: paying attention to the combination of mathematics teaching and living situation; Attach importance to the recognition of students' estimation value and enhance their ability to estimate value; Pay attention to the application of intuitionistic perception in the teaching of number sense; Pay attention to the teaching of applying mathematics strategy to solve problems; An understanding of the meaning of numbers; To guide students to actively participate in classroom teaching; We will try our best to raise the level of students' number sense in township schools.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.6

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