改进初中物理课堂教学现状的策略研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 15:25

本文关键词：改进初中物理课堂教学现状的策略研究　出处：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2001年6月,教育部颁布实施了《基础教育课程改革纲要(试行)》,标志着我国正式开后新一轮的基础教育改革,学生的全面发展是新一轮基础教育改革的基本理念和价值取向。新课改经过十几年的不断发展,取得了一定的成效,但在实施过程中仍存在诸多问题,导致学生学习兴趣不高、学习质量下降、,学生的学习能力和学习习惯等方面未达到预期目标。针对目前的问题,本研究以初中物理课堂教学为研究对象,首先,通过系统梳理国内外相关文献和成果,结合物理学科特点,总结提升初中物理课程教学效率的概念和理论,研究提升初中物理课程教学效率的内涵;其次,深入教学一线,结合教学实际,对初中物理课堂教学情况进行实践调查,发现存在以下问题:(1)学生的主动学习和思考的能力有待提升;(2)对学生学习兴趣的培养力度不足;(3)一部分学生学习态度不够端正;(4)学生课堂教学参与度不高;(5)一些教师的专业水平有待提升。针对上述问题,结合教学实际,在相关理论的指导下,分别基于教师和学生的角度,提出改进初中物理课堂教学现状的策略:(1)基于教师的角度:(1)构建物理教学情境。引发学生认知冲突,激发学生好奇心和自主探究意识,引导学生积极思考,主动提出问题,进而通过独立思考和实践活动获取科学知识,解决问题,使学生逐步完成对新知识的自主建构;(2)引导学生展示自我。教师通过在课堂教学中引导和鼓励学生展示和分享自己的学习体会和学习成果,使其获得成功的体验,进而激发学习的热情,促进主观能动性;(3)实施分层教学。针对不同学习成绩和基础的学生,在教学目标、课后作业、课后辅导、成绩评价等方面加以分层对待,促进优等生、中等生、学困生共同提高和进步;(4)采用探究式教学。在实际教学活动中,通过激发学生兴趣、设置任务、传授正确的学习方法、适当运用奖惩制度等,指导学生独立学习和开展探究活动;(5)提高自身专业水平。在完备的专业化知识、先进的专业化理念、娴熟的专业技能和积极的教育研究态度等四方面不断提高教师自身专业水平。(2)基于学生的角度。(1)课前主动预习。通过课前预习,帮助自己提前了解本堂课的难点疑点问题,带着这些问题进入到课堂学习之中,有针对性的学习,明确了课堂学习的目标,使学生形成特色的学习模式,进而改进课堂教学现状;(2)重视当堂消化和总结。不仅能使自己对所学的课程内容有一个更为深入的理解,提高学习效率,还能掌握科学的学习方法,学会自我检查;(3)理论与生活实际想联系。增加了学生的代入性,在学习的过程中又联系了身边的生活现象,激发了学生学习物理的兴趣,又从巩固和加深学生对物理知识的掌握和理解;(4)学生之间加强小组合作。既可以激发自身学习物理的积极性,同时,通过合作,以及合作带来的良性竞争,激发自身主观能动性,提高学习效率和学习成绩,同时可以满足学生的心理需要、促进学生情感的发展。通过本研究,以期为广大教师在提升课堂教学质量实践探索中有所帮助,为实现学生的全面发展这一新一轮基础教育改革的基本理念和价值取向提供参考。
[Abstract]:In June 2001, the Ministry of Education promulgated the "basic education curriculum reform program (Trial)", marking a new round of basic education reform in China officially opened, the all-round development of students is the basic concept and value orientation of a new round of basic education reform. The new curriculum reform after ten years of continuous development, has made certain the results, but there are still many problems in the implementation process, leading to the students' interest in learning is not high, the decline in the quality of learning, and students' learning ability and learning habits did not reach the expected goal. Aiming at the present problems, this study takes the junior middle school physics classroom teaching as the research object, firstly, through combing the related literature at home and abroad and the results, together with the characteristics of physics, this paper summarizes the concept and theory to enhance the teaching efficiency in junior middle school physics curriculum, research the connotation of improving teaching efficiency of junior high school physics curriculum; secondly, in-depth teaching, combining teaching The actual, practical investigation of the junior middle school physics classroom teaching, we find the following problems: (1) the ability of active learning and thinking of students should be improved; (2) training on the students' learning interest; (3) a part of the students learning attitude is not correct; (4) students' participation is not high; (5) the professional level of teachers should be improved. Aiming at the above problems, combining with the teaching practice, under the guidance of the relevant theory, based on the perspective of teachers and students respectively, put forward the improvement status of junior high school physics classroom teaching strategies: (1) based on the perspective of teachers: (1) the construction situation of physics teaching. Students cognitive conflict, stimulate students' curiosity and awareness of self inquiry, guide students to think actively, take the initiative to ask questions, and then through the independent thinking and practice of scientific knowledge, solve problems, make students gradually complete the self construction of new knowledge; ( 2) to guide students to show themselves. Teachers can guide and encourage students to demonstrate and share their learning experience and learning in the classroom teaching, the successful experience, and thus stimulate the enthusiasm of learning, to promote the initiative; (3) the implementation of hierarchical teaching. According to different grades and foundation for students in the teaching objectives, homework, after-school tutoring, performance evaluation and other aspects to classify, promote the top students, secondary students, school students trapped together to improve and progress; (4) the use of inquiry teaching. In the practical teaching activities, tasks are set by inspiring students' interest, teach the correct learning methods, the proper use of rewards and punishments system, guiding students' independent learning and inquiry activities; (5) improve their professional level. In professional knowledge, professional advanced concept, good professional skills and positive attitude of education from four aspects: no To continuously improve the level of teachers' professional. (2) based on the perspective of students. (1) before the class. Through active preview before class, help yourself to advance understanding of difficult questions in this class, with these questions into the classroom learning, targeted learning, the classroom learning goals, make students the formation of the characteristics of learning mode, and improve classroom teaching situation; (2) to be digested and summarized. Not only allows them to have a more in-depth understanding of the course content, but also improve the efficiency of learning, learning to master the scientific method, learn self check; (3) the theory and the reality of life to contact the increase of students. Then, in the process of learning and contact the phenomenon of life around, to stimulate students' interest in learning physics, and from consolidate and deepen the student to the physical knowledge and understanding; (4) to strengthen the team cooperation between students. It can not only stimulate their enthusiasm, learning at the same time, through cooperation, competition and cooperation brings, stimulate their initiative, improve learning efficiency and learning performance, and can meet the psychological needs of students, promote students' emotional development. Through this study, in order to help the teachers in improving classroom teaching the quality of teaching practice, to provide reference for the basic concept and value orientation to achieve the comprehensive development of students in the new round of reform of basic education.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.7

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