中学物理实验教具的改进与创新研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 02:01

本文选题：中学物理　切入点：实验教学　出处：《信阳师范学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：物理实验教学是中学物理教学的基本内容,是培养学生科学精神的重要途径,是实施中学物理教学的有效方法,也是提升物理学科核心素养的必要手段。同时,实验操作能力和科学探究能力的培养也是目前中学物理教学的重要目标,因此,物理实验教学在中学物理教学中具有重要的作用。然而,当前诸多普通中学,尤其是农村中学或经济欠发达地区中学,物理实验教学还存在着实验教学仪器或器材等教具资源数量匮乏、质量较低、更新速度慢、损毁率较高、演示中直观性不强、趣味性不足等问题,因此,对中学物理实验教具进行改进或创新具有重要的现实意义。首先,论文从研究背景出发,分析了国内外研究现状,探讨了目前国内关于该问题研究和教学中存在的问题,确定了研究内容,拟定了课题的研究方法,明确了研究的意义。其次,根据已有理论基础,提出了中学物理实验教具改进与创新的基本原则:科学性、安全性、直观性、趣味性、探究性等;探索了中学物理实验教具改进与创新的基本途径。随后,结合初中物理“大气压强”一节进行实验教具改进与创新的案例研究,重点介绍了改进或创新后的九个典型案例,如“马德堡半球实验”、“托里拆利实验”、“会喝水的杯子”等,并将改进后的实验教具应用于初中物理教学实践之中,之后进行了关于教学效果的问卷调查和同行专家评定,分析得出相关结论。最后,对本课题研究进行了简要总结:阐述了本研究当前所取得的阶段性成果,分析了本研究存在的问题和不足,拟定了今后的研究打算和计划等。中学物理实验教具的改进与创新是一个永无止境的研究课题,是一个广袤无垠的实验田,也是一项永不枯竭的教学资源,对此,我们应满怀信心、永不止步,怀着无与伦比的热情和勇气去实践探索。
[Abstract]:Physics experiment teaching is the basic content of physics teaching in middle school, an important way to cultivate students' scientific spirit, an effective method to carry out physics teaching in middle school, and a necessary means to improve the core accomplishment of physics subject. The cultivation of experiment operation ability and scientific inquiry ability is also an important goal of physics teaching in middle school. Therefore, physics experiment teaching plays an important role in physics teaching in middle school. Especially in the middle schools in rural areas or in underdeveloped areas, there is also a shortage of teaching aids such as experimental teaching instruments or equipment in physical experiment teaching, such as low quantity, low quality, slow renewal rate, high damage rate, and not strong intuition in demonstration. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to improve or innovate physics experimental teaching aids in middle schools. Firstly, this paper analyzes the current research situation at home and abroad from the background of the research. This paper probes into the problems existing in the research and teaching of this problem in China at present, determines the research contents, formulates the research methods of the subject, and clarifies the significance of the research. Secondly, according to the existing theoretical basis, This paper puts forward the basic principles of improving and innovating the teaching aids of physics experiment in middle school: scientific, safe, intuitive, interesting and inquiring, and explores the basic ways of improving and innovating the teaching aids of physics experiment in middle school. Combined with the "atmospheric pressure" section of junior middle school physics, this paper makes a case study on the improvement and innovation of experimental teaching aids, and focuses on nine typical cases after improvement or innovation, such as "the Hemispheric experiment of Madberg", "the Torricelli experiment", "the cup that can drink water", etc. The improved experimental teaching aids are applied to the physics teaching practice of junior high school, and then the questionnaire survey and peer expert evaluation on the teaching effect are carried out, and the relevant conclusions are obtained. A brief summary of this research is given. The current achievements of this study are described, and the problems and shortcomings of this study are analyzed. The improvement and innovation of physics experimental teaching aids in middle school is an endless research topic, a vast experimental field, and an inexhaustible teaching resource. We should be full of confidence, never stop, with unparalleled enthusiasm and courage to practice exploration.
【学位授予单位】：信阳师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.7

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