原地双手后抛实心球技术动作分析与技术训练手段研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 14:27

本文选题：原地双手后抛实心球　切入点：技术动作分析　出处：《广西师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自2006年起,原地双手后抛实心球被列为广西体育高考项目。在此之前,该项目没有作为一项竞技体育项目出现在大型比赛中,一般只是作为一项素质训练项目。该项目在被引入体育高考后越来越受到广西体育教师和体育高考生的重视。作为一项比较新的体育项目,其总分在我区体育高考总分中占25分(体育高考总分为100分)。但由于该项目缺少较为完善的技术原理分析,没有统一的教学方法和训练手段,中学体育教师对学生进行原地双手后抛实心球的训练时基本上都是采用经验法。根据原地双手后抛实心球的特点,再结合其它投掷项目,总结出自己在该项目上一套独特的训练手段,因此,体育教师在该项目的训练手段上可以说是各有千秋,每一位体育教师在该项目的训练手段上都有自己的特色与不足。本文采用文献资料法,收集以前有关原地双手后抛实心球的技术动作分析与技术训练手段研究的资料、并运用对比实验法、数理统计法、归纳总结法、计算法、逻辑分析法,总结出之前研究中所存在的不足之处,并对该项目的技术原理和特点进行分析,提出一些该项目的训练手段,采用对比试验进行验证。旨在更好地发展学生的身体素质,完善该项目的技术结构理论体系和训练方法体系,更科学的指导体育高考生对该项目进行训练,有着一定的理论和实践意义。研究表明：1、原地双手后抛实心球技术分析存在的不足：对原地双手后抛实心球投掷技术原理分析不够深入,虽然有文献对该项目进行技术分析,但是漏考虑一些因素,即手臂长度对该项目成绩的影响；出手角度方面没有一个统一的说法,而且在所有提出的出手角度取值范围中,没有解释出手角度值范围是怎样的出来的；大多数文献缺少“器械出手后维持身体平衡”阶段的分析；握球方法没有结合在加速预摆阶段的特点；最后用力阶段提出的要领和方法缺少运动解剖学和运动生物力学的深入分析。2、原地双手后抛实心球训练手段存在的不足：在握持器械阶段的训练,没有充分考虑到为学生降低器械出手时的失误率有关的训练。在提高器械出手速度的训练手段中,手臂力量的训练手段不完全是原地双手后抛实心球的专项力量训练手段,对该项目的手臂主动肌和被动肌都不明确；在控制出手角度的训练手段中基本都是采用语言提示,没有采用其他器械进行专门的辅助训练。3、经过计算和推导,得出原地双手后抛实心球的实际成绩和出手高度、出手速度、出手角度、手臂长度之间的关系为：出手角度大约为36-41°；握持器械的方法要始终结合学生预摆阶段的特点,有效防止器械脱手；在最后用力过程中,要做到蹬伸速度快、上身抬起和手臂向上摆动也要快。平时在训练主动肌的过程中,不能忽视对抗肌的训练,防止投掷者腰部和腿部肌肉拉伤。4、原地双手后抛实心球训练手段：握持器械阶段可采用双手互换抓铅球、手指俯卧撑、站立连续握拳、小哑铃外翻和使用其他相关器材的训练手段(例如：握力器、握力圈)。最后用力阶段结合该项目的动作特点,找准主动肌和对抗肌,可采用杠铃深蹲或者半蹲、连续跳台阶练习、原地起跳摸高练习等手段加强学生的腿部力量；采用背屈伸、俯卧两头起、屈腿躬身等训练手段加强学生腰部力量；采用双手前屈提杠铃、原地后甩杠铃片、拉橡皮筋练习提高学生的手臂力量。在控制出手角度方面,可采用直接控制法、参照物控制法、摄像法三种方法,更有效控制学生的出手角度。
[Abstract]:Since 2006, in both hands after throwing solid ball was listed as the Guangxi sports college entrance examination project. Prior to this, the project is not as a competitive sport in the big game, just as a general quality training project. The project more and more to the Guangxi sports teachers and sports students attention in sports is introduced after the college entrance examination. As a relatively new sport, the total score in the district sports college entrance examination scores accounted for 25 points (sports college entrance examination score of 100 points). But due to lack of comprehensive analysis of the technical principle of the project, there is no unified teaching method and means of training middle school teachers for students in both hands throwing solid ball training are basically using the empirical method. According to the characteristics of in situ hands after throwing solid ball, combined with other items, summed up in the project on a unique set of training time, because The PE teachers in the project training method can be said that each one has its own merits, every physical education teachers in the project training method has its own characteristics and shortcomings. This paper uses the methods of literature collection, research technical analysis and technical training means before the place hands after throwing solid balls and the data. In contrast with the experimental method, mathematical statistics method, inductive method, calculation method, logical analysis, summarizes the deficiency existing in the prior research, and the technical principle and characteristics of the project are analyzed, and put forward some of the purpose of the training means, by contrast test verified. In order to better develop the student body the quality of the project, improve the technical structure of theoretical system and training system, more scientific guidance for training students sports college entrance examination of the project, has a certain theoretical and practical significance. On the table Ming: 1, analysis of the shortcomings of solid ball throwing technology in hands of in situ hands after throwing solid ball throwing technique principle analysis is not deep enough, although there is a literature on the project technical analysis, but the leakage consider a number of factors, namely the arm length of the project achievement influence; angle does not have a uniform the statement, and in all of the proposed angle range, no explanation angle range of what is out; most of the literature the lack of instruments to maintain the body balance after the shot "phase of the analysis; holding the ball method is not combined with the characteristics of accelerating the pre swing phase; in-depth analysis of.2 essentials and methods put forward the final stage the lack of sports anatomy and sports biomechanics, place hands after throwing the shortcomings of solid ball training method in holding instruments of stages of training, did not fully consider For students to reduce the error rate of the instrument when training. In improving the release speed of apparatus training means, arm strength training method is not entirely in hands after throwing solid ball of the special strength training method of the project, active and passive muscle arm muscle is not clear; the angle in the control training means is the basic language tips, without the use of other instruments for the auxiliary training specialized.3, through calculation and derivation, the in situ hands after throwing solid ball the actual achievement and release height, hand speed, angle, the relationship between the length of the arm was shot angle of approximately 36-41 degrees; the method of holding instruments the students always combine pre stage characteristics of swing, effectively prevent the equipment dispose of; in the final force, to do stretching speed, lift the upper body and arm to swing faster usually. In the process of training of active muscle, can not ignore the opposing muscle training, prevent throwing the waist and leg muscle strain.4 in hands after throwing solid ball training methods: holding instruments can be used interchangeably to catch the shot stage hands, fingers push ups, standing for a fist, a small dumbbell valgus and related equipment training methods (e.g.: grip, the grip ring). The final stage combined with the movement characteristics of the project, identify the active muscle and antagonistic muscle, the barbell squat or squat, continuous jump steps, standing jump Mogao exercises means to strengthen students' leg strength; the dorsal flexion, two from the prone position, legs bend etc. the training means to strengthen student power of waist; using both hands to mention barbell barbell flexion, left standing after the rubber band practice to improve students' arm strength. In the control angle, can be used to directly control The method, the reference material control method and the camera method are the three methods to control the student's hand angle more effectively.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.96

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