义务教育阶段作文教学中“读者意识”的培养

发布时间：2018-03-05 18:01

本文选题：义务教育　切入点：作文教学　出处：《闽南师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在我国的义务教育阶段作文教学中,从小学开始,就缺少培养学生写作的“读者意识”观念和相应的训练过程。在写作教学中一直都是教师主导整个作文过程,如教师启发引导学生习作,点评学生作文,并进行作文评分。而且国内的应试教育结构使得学生学习写作文只是为了在考试中得到一个好的分数,这就让写作的目的本末倒置了。我国教育学界大多数是笼统的介绍国外理论指导下的“读者意识”,而本篇论文主要针对义务教育阶段“读者意识”的培养进行研究。通过对作文教学现状的分析,指出“读者意识”的培养是明确学生写作目的和提高学生写作兴趣的需要,并提出培养义务教育阶段学生“读者意识”的策略和方法。本文一共分为五个部分:其中第一部分是绪论,概述了本课题的研究现状及义务教育阶段作文教学中“读者意识”研究的目的和意义。第二部分提出“读者意识”的概念以及研究的理论依据。第三部分主要介绍义务教育阶段作文教学中“读者意识”问题分析。这一部分是分为两个小节。第一小节研究义务教育阶段“读者意识”缺乏的原因,第二小节主要写义务教育阶段作文教学中培养“读者意识”的重要性,从课堂中教师的教到学生的学,分为写作目的、平等对话、写作兴趣、语言表达四部分来进行阐述。第四部分是本文的核心内容,即义务教育阶段作文教学中“读者意识”培养的策略和方法。针对第二部分问题的提出,分别从义务教育中写话、习作、写作三个阶段寻找解决策略。写话阶段,也就是小学一至二年级,学生只要将想要说的话表达出来即可,所以这一阶段分别从阅读教学、创设情境、讲故事三个方面初步渗入“读者意识”。习作阶段是指三至六年级,这一阶段受到课堂效率的影响,可以从作文课堂和交流平台两个方面强化“读者意识”。写作阶段是指初中一至三年级,这一阶段学生写作框架初具成型,可以具体到书信体写作训练、现代经典名著导读和拓展作文的讲评方式来形成“读者意识”。第五部分是对前四部分的分析和策略方法进行总结。在义务教育阶段作文教学中强调“读者意识”这个理念,让教师从“作文审判者”转变为“作文欣赏者”和“思想交流者”,同时学生也会从“要我写”变为“我要写”,增强写作主动性。学生的学习方式也由被动敷衍向自主、合作、探究的思维模式转变,这样的作文教学观才是当代素质教育的真正目的。
[Abstract]:In the composition teaching of compulsory education in our country, there is a lack of the concept of "reader consciousness" and the corresponding training process to cultivate the students' writing consciousness since the beginning of the primary school. In the writing teaching, the teacher has always been the leading teacher in the whole composition process. For example, teachers inspire students to write, comment on students' compositions, and score compositions. Moreover, the domestic examination-oriented education structure makes students learn to write only in order to get a good score in the examination. This makes the purpose of writing put the cart before the horse. Most educational circles in our country introduce the "reader consciousness" under the guidance of foreign theories in general, and this thesis mainly focuses on the cultivation of "reader consciousness" in the compulsory education stage. Through the analysis of the present situation of composition teaching, It is pointed out that the cultivation of readers' consciousness is the need to clarify the students' writing purpose and improve their interest in writing. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction. This paper summarizes the present research situation of this subject and the purpose and significance of the study of "reader's consciousness" in the composition teaching of compulsory education. The second part puts forward the concept of "reader's consciousness" and the theoretical basis of the study. The third part mainly introduces the theory of "reader's consciousness". This part is divided into two sections. The first section studies the reasons for the lack of "reader consciousness" in compulsory education. The second section mainly writes about the importance of cultivating "reader consciousness" in the composition teaching of compulsory education, from the teacher's teaching in the classroom to the students' learning, divided into writing purpose, equal dialogue, writing interest. The 4th part is the core content of this paper, that is, the strategy and method of "reader consciousness" cultivation in the composition teaching of compulsory education. Writing, writing three stages to find solutions. Writing stage, that is, the first to the second grade of primary school, students can only express what they want to say, so this stage from the teaching of reading, creating situations, Three aspects of storytelling have initially infiltrated "reader consciousness". The exercise stage refers to grades 3 to 6, which is affected by classroom efficiency. The "reader consciousness" can be strengthened from two aspects of composition classroom and communication platform. The writing stage refers to the first to third grade of junior high school. This stage of students' writing framework is initially formed, and can be concretely applied to the writing training of epistolary style. The 5th part is a summary of the analysis and tactics of the first four parts. In the composition teaching of compulsory education, the concept of "reader consciousness" is emphasized. Let teachers change from "composition judges" to "composition appreciators" and "thought communicators," and students will also change from "ask me to write" to "I want to write," to increase writing initiative. Students' learning style will also change from passive perfunctory to autonomous and cooperative. The transformation of thinking mode of inquiry, such composition teaching view is the real purpose of the contemporary quality education.
【学位授予单位】：闽南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.34

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