初中固体压强综合探究活动设计研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 16:15

本文选题：教学设计　切入点：探究性学习　出处：《广西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在初中物理教学中,压强这个概念在实际课堂中没有得到足够的重视,使得学生对于这个概念理解的不够深刻,无法真正的将压力与压强区分开,不利于之后浮力的学习。本文围绕着“什么情况下物体会被压碎”这个问题展开探究,将科学、技术、工程与数学融为一体,实现压强的综合探究学习的研究。本文的教学设计是在建构主义的基础上,以生活中的实际问题建设情景,提出“遇到冰面落水者怎么救援?”“压强与物体破碎有没有关系?”“在苹果储存中苹果可以堆多高?”等问题,让学生通过自己动手,进行实验操作,将得到的结果进行分析处理,得到问题的可能回答,再进行验证实验,分析得到的结论是否正确。还就物体破碎的微观实质进行深入探究,使学生从更深的角度上明白压强与压力的区别,明白仅仅有压力一个量是不能衡量物体的压破情况的。本文与传统教学设计和现有的探究式教学设计的最大区别:本文探究的问题更贴近于生活实际,不是“满堂灌”的讲授,也不是完全放开手的任自流探究,本文旨在寻求平衡,能更好地将二者结合起来。本设计还添加了更多的实验,有教师演示实验,学生动手实验,还有更具有直观趣味性的实验——苹果站人实验:让学生先进行实验测量,得到苹果能承受的最大压强,再计算出苹果的最大承重的相关数值。最后进行演示实验,真让一名同学站在苹果上,看看计算的值是否正确。通过这样活动,学生可以惊讶地发现小小一颗苹果竟然能站住一个人,这样完全颠覆认知的实验加深学生的印象,激发学生对物理的兴趣,有利于对于知识的掌握。
[Abstract]:In the physics teaching of junior high school, the concept of pressure is not paid enough attention in the actual classroom, which makes the students understand the concept deeply enough, and can not really distinguish the pressure from the pressure, which is not conducive to the learning of buoyancy.This paper focuses on the question of "under what circumstances objects will be crushed", combining science, technology, engineering and mathematics to realize the study of pressure comprehensive inquiry learning.On the basis of constructivism, the teaching design of this paper is based on the construction of practical problems in life, and puts forward "how to rescue those who encounter ice fall?""does the pressure have anything to do with the breakup of the object?""how high can an apple be stored in a store?"Let the students do the experiment by doing their own work, analyze and deal with the obtained results, get the possible answers to the questions, and then verify the experiment, and analyze whether the conclusions obtained are correct or not.In order to make students understand the difference between pressure and pressure from a deeper point of view and understand that only a quantity of pressure can not measure the breaking of an object.The biggest difference between this paper and the traditional teaching design and the existing inquiry teaching design is that the problems explored in this paper are more close to the reality of life, not the teaching of "full hall irrigation", nor the free hand of self-flowing inquiry. The purpose of this paper is to find a balance.Better combine the two.Then calculate the maximum weight of the apple related to the value.At the end of the demonstration experiment, let a classmate stand on the apple to see if the calculated value is correct.Through this activity, students can be surprised to find that a small apple can actually stand a person, such a completely subversive cognitive experiment to deepen the impression of students, stimulate students' interest in physics, the knowledge of the grasp.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.7

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