背景知识在中学古代诗文教学中的应用

发布时间：2018-05-08 19:09

本文选题：背景知识 + 分类　；参考：《闽南师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国上下几千年历史积累下来的古代诗文作品,是中华民族文化的灿烂瑰宝。孔子说:“不学诗,无以言。”古代诗文所承载的真善美的思想内容和凝练绝妙的艺术精华,是当代中学生健康成长必不可少的文化食粮和精神营养。纵观当前的中学语文课堂教学,古代诗文成为难以解决的教学难题。由于解读的困难,教师难以精确掌握,存在理解偏差和教学盲点;由于思维水平的局限,学生难以品析鉴赏,存在认识模糊与个性解读缺失。再者,应试教育的客观形势隐匿了中国古代诗文真正的真正价值。久而久之,中学语文古代诗文的教学效果并没有达到预期的效果。怎样才能提高古代诗文的教学效果,成为当前突出的语文教学难点。众所周知,背景知识在古代诗文教学实践中起着桥梁与纽带的作用。《普通高中语文课程标准(实验》也明确指出:“应引导学生在阅读文学作品时努力做到知人论世,通过查阅有关资料,了解与作品相关的作家经历、时代背景、创作动机以及作品的社会影响等,加深对作家作品的理解。”(1)在中学古代诗文教学中,通过引导学生推究文本背后作者创作时的社会文化背景及作者的个人境遇等情况,进入文本所构建的意境当中,体会其厚重的文本内容和深沉的思想内涵,感悟作者的情感态度,进而准确掌握文本的意蕴和作者的真正用意。然而在当前的中学古代诗文课堂教学实践中,背景知识的应用出现了许多问题:介绍模式固定、引入内容不当,运用忽视学生的主体性等等。针对这些问题,笔者认真整理了中学古代诗文课堂教学中的背景知识应用这一环节的教学现状和研究现状,尝试进行系统的研究。通过阐释背景知识的概念,对背景知识进行细致的分类,深入分析背景知识的作用,探讨背景知识的具体实施策略,以求对提高中学古代诗文教学有效性有所启示和帮助。
[Abstract]:The ancient works of poetry accumulated over thousands of years in China are the splendid treasures of Chinese culture. Confucius said, "if you don't learn poetry, you can't speak." The ideological content of truth, goodness and beauty and the essence of fine art carried by ancient poetry and prose are the essential cultural food and spiritual nutrition for the healthy growth of contemporary middle school students. Throughout the current middle school Chinese classroom teaching, ancient poetry and prose become difficult to solve the teaching problems. Because of the difficulty of interpretation, teachers are difficult to grasp accurately, there are deviations in understanding and blind spots in teaching; because of the limitation of thinking level, students are difficult to appreciate and appreciate, there is ambiguity of cognition and lack of individual interpretation. Moreover, the objective situation of examination-oriented education conceals the real value of ancient Chinese poetry and prose. Over time, the teaching effect of ancient Chinese poetry and prose in middle school did not reach the expected effect. How to improve the teaching effect of ancient poetry and prose has become a prominent difficulty in Chinese teaching. As we all know, background knowledge plays a role as a bridge and link in the teaching practice of ancient poetry and prose. In order to deepen the understanding of the writer's works by consulting the relevant materials and understanding the writer's experience, the background of the times, the motive of creation and the social influence of the works, etc. "1) in the teaching of ancient poetry and prose in middle school, By guiding the students to investigate the social and cultural background and the author's personal circumstances in the author's creation behind the text, he enters into the artistic conception constructed by the text, and understands its heavy text content and profound ideological connotation. Understand the emotional attitude of the author, and then accurately grasp the meaning of the text and the real intention of the author. However, in the current teaching practice of ancient poetry and prose in middle schools, there are many problems in the application of background knowledge: the fixed mode of introduction, the improper introduction of content, the neglect of students' subjectivity and so on. In view of these problems, the author carefully arranges the teaching and research status of the application of background knowledge in the classroom teaching of ancient poetry and prose in middle schools, and attempts to carry out systematic research. Through explaining the concept of background knowledge, classifying the background knowledge carefully, deeply analyzing the function of background knowledge, and discussing the concrete implementation strategy of background knowledge, this paper aims at enlightening and helping to improve the teaching effectiveness of ancient poetry and prose in middle school.
【学位授予单位】：闽南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.3

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