PISA视角下初中科学情境素材开发策略

发布时间：2018-05-18 10:34

本文选题：PISA理念 + 初中科学课程　；参考：《宁波大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：科学教育的初衷与终极目标均指向“帮助学生为未来生活做准备”。情境作为重要的教学内容之一,对于激发学生学习动机,促进知识建构,发展学生的问题解决能力,实现课本知识与生活的顺利对接具有重要意义。与此同时,情境教学亦弥补了传统教学方式对过程与方法、情感态度与价值观培养的短板。因此,创设切合学生认知的、合理的教学情境是实现科学课程改革与课堂教学革新的有效策略之一。情境创设与对情境素材的广泛搜罗、细致筛选与精良设计是分不开的。但就科学教育教学现状来看,尚无成熟的情境分类方式、完备的情境开发策略指导情境素材的开发,成型的科学教材中具备参考价值的情境素材也较为缺乏,情境素材的使用单凭一线教师的经验与判断进行,具有较大随意性,势必制约学生科学素养的提升。该课题是我国科学教育的一项“弱点”(初中科学情境素材)与全球教育测评的一大“热点”(PISA及其情境理念)碰撞融合而成的研究新思路。本研究基于建构主义理论、情境认知与学习理论,综合PISA情境创设特质,总结有效情境的特征;通过文献研究与文本分析,审视教材情境素材的选择与设计,结合对科学学科与初中生心理发展特点的剖析,厘清当前教材情境在内容选择、呈现方式和能力培养上存在的问题;借鉴PISA情境理念得出创设有效情境的七个策略:“真实情境中保证科学有效”、“均衡分布中关注社会热点”、“精细加工中提升学科趣味”、“一以贯之中体现连贯发展”、“明确目标中突出课题本质”、“多维探索中挖掘迁移价值”、“情境问题中解放学生思维”,并以此为基础开发情境素材、编写相应案例。作为一种探索性研究,笔者期望一方面通过对教材的分析,为一线教师使用教材情境素材、自主开发情境素材提供可操作的建议和策略,另一方面借助开发的情境素材案例,为编制有情境特色的初中科学教材出谋划策。
[Abstract]:The original intention and ultimate goal of science education are to help students prepare for future life. As one of the important teaching contents, situation plays an important role in arousing students' learning motivation, promoting knowledge construction, developing students' problem-solving ability, and realizing the smooth connection between textbook knowledge and life. At the same time, situational teaching also makes up for the traditional teaching methods to process and method, emotional attitude and values. Therefore, it is one of the effective strategies to realize the reform of science curriculum and classroom teaching to create a reasonable teaching situation that suits the students' cognition. Situational creation and extensive search for situational materials, meticulous screening and good design are inseparable. However, in view of the present situation of science education and teaching, there is no mature situation classification method, complete situational development strategy to guide the development of situational material, and the situational material with reference value in the shaping science textbook is also relatively lacking. The use of situational materials depends solely on the experience and judgment of teachers, which is arbitrary and bound to restrict the improvement of students' scientific literacy. This subject is a new idea of research which is a "weakness" of science education in our country (junior middle school science situation material) and a big "hot spot" of global education evaluation, PISA and its situational concept. This study is based on constructivism theory, situational cognition and learning theory, synthesizes the characteristics of PISA situational creation, summarizes the characteristics of effective situation, examines the selection and design of teaching material through literature research and text analysis. In combination with the analysis of the characteristics of the psychological development of science and junior high school students, this paper clarifies the problems existing in the content selection, presentation mode and ability cultivation of the current teaching material situation; The seven strategies of creating effective situation are obtained from the concept of PISA situation: "ensuring scientific and effective in real situation", "paying attention to social hot spots in balanced distribution", "improving the interest of subject in fine processing", "reflecting consistent development in consistent way". "highlight the essence of the subject in the clear goal", "excavate the transfer value in the multidimensional exploration", "liberate the students' thinking in the situational problem", and take this as the basis to develop the situational material and compile the corresponding cases. As a kind of exploratory research, the author hopes that, on the one hand, through the analysis of the teaching materials, the author can provide practical suggestions and strategies for teachers to use the teaching materials and develop the situation materials independently, on the other hand, with the help of the case of the situation materials developed, For the development of situational characteristics of junior high school science teaching materials to give advice.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.98

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