高中生数据分析能力薄弱的原因及对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 21:53

本文选题：数据分析 + 高中数学　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：以信息和技术为基础的当今社会,数据已占据了非常重要的地位。在当今基础教育中,数据分析能力越来越受到广泛重视,对学生数据分析能力培养的重视程度也在逐步加深。但当前高中生的数据分析能力依然薄弱,对高中生数据分析能力薄弱原因的研究也非常少,因此本文对高中生数据分析能力薄弱的原因及改善对策进行研究。本文采用的研究方法有测试卷调查法、问卷调查法和访谈法。本文首先对数据分析能力的内涵进行分析,随后采用测试卷法,对高中生数据分析能力的现状水平进行调查。然后,根据能力形成与培养的相关理论,结合高中数学课程标准与学生能力水平编制问卷和测试卷,以及编写对教师的访谈提纲,并对学生与教师进行调查和访谈。之后在对调查结果进行统计与分析的基础上,概括出学生学习与教师教学的特点,并由此发现造成高中生数据分析能力薄弱的原因。最后,针对研究结果提出相应的改进对策及呈现教学案例。通过对高中生数据分析能力现状水平的调查研究发现,其数据分析能力是薄弱的,尤其是数据解释能力和数据推理能力。而根据学生问卷调查及测试卷调查的结果统计与分析,从学生角度寻找造成数据分析能力薄弱的原因:一是没有完全理解和掌握统计基本思想方法;二是对数据分析方法地掌握比较欠缺,不能够用已学知识解决实际问题;三是对统计知识的学习态度不够积极,所练习的习题数目不足;四是不能及时认真地总结和反馈课上所学习的内容。根据对教师访谈结果的汇总与分析,从教师角度寻找造成高中生数据分析能力薄弱的原因有:第一,课前准备时对了解学生认知基础的重视程度不够;第二,对例题、习题和作业题目的选择不合理,对于巩固与实际相结合的知识方面考虑太少;第三,对统计知识应用地讲解不够全面和透彻,对数据分析的方法讲解太少,同时不注重在课堂中渗透统计思想;第四,对作业检查的力度不够,检查方式较为单一,对学生学习效果的检查与督促不足。最后针对高中生数据分析能力薄弱原因的调查研究结果,提出相应的教学基本要求,包括加强对统计思想方法的学习、熟悉对统计知识的应用、努力营造利于培养学生数据分析能力的环境、提升学生统计内容的学习质量这四个方面,并从课堂准备、课堂教学以及课后反馈这三个方面给出具体教学要求。最后针对教学要求呈现出教学案例。
[Abstract]:In today's society based on information and technology, data have occupied a very important position. In today's basic education, more and more attention has been paid to the ability of data analysis, and the degree of attention to the cultivation of students' ability of data analysis has been gradually deepened. But the current high school students' data analysis ability is still weak, and the research on the reasons of the high school students' weak data analysis ability is also very few. Therefore, this paper studies the reasons of the high school students' data analysis ability weakness and the improvement countermeasure. The research methods used in this paper include test paper survey, questionnaire survey and interview. In this paper, the connotation of data analysis ability is analyzed, and then the current level of high school students' data analysis ability is investigated by test paper method. Then, according to the relevant theories of ability formation and cultivation, combining the mathematics curriculum standard and the students' ability level in senior high school, the author makes a questionnaire and a test paper, as well as an outline of the interview with the teachers, and makes an investigation and interview between the students and the teachers. On the basis of statistics and analysis of the survey results, the characteristics of students' learning and teachers' teaching are summarized, and the reasons for the weakness of high school students' data analysis ability are found out. Finally, according to the research results, the corresponding improvement measures and presentation of teaching cases are put forward. Through the investigation and research on the current level of high school students' data analysis ability, it is found that their data analysis ability is weak, especially their data interpretation ability and data reasoning ability. According to the statistics and analysis of the survey results of the students' questionnaire and test papers, the reasons for the weakness of the data analysis ability are found from the students' point of view: first, they do not fully understand and master the basic thinking methods of statistics; The second is the lack of the method of data analysis, which can not solve the practical problems with the learned knowledge, the third is the lack of positive attitude towards the statistical knowledge and the insufficient number of exercises practiced. Fourth, can not be timely and serious summary and feedback lessons learned content. According to the summary and analysis of the results of teachers' interviews, the reasons for the weakness of high school students' data analysis ability from the teacher's point of view are as follows: first, insufficient attention is paid to understanding the students' cognitive basis when preparing for class; second, to the examples, The selection of exercises and operational topics is unreasonable, and too little consideration is given to consolidating the knowledge combined with reality; third, the application of statistical knowledge is not comprehensive and thorough, and the methods of data analysis are too little. At the same time do not pay attention to the infiltration of statistical ideas in the classroom; fourth, the intensity of homework inspection is not enough, the inspection method is relatively single, and the inspection and supervision of students' learning effect is insufficient. Finally, according to the results of the investigation and research on the reasons for the weakness of high school students' data analysis ability, the corresponding basic teaching requirements are put forward, including strengthening the study of statistical thought and methods, being familiar with the application of statistical knowledge, This paper tries to create an environment conducive to the training of students' ability of data analysis, and to improve the quality of students' statistical content, and gives the specific teaching requirements from three aspects: classroom preparation, classroom teaching and after-class feedback. Finally, the teaching case is presented according to the teaching requirements.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.6

【参考文献】