不同运动项目训练对初一学生执行功能影响的实验研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 16:05

本文选题：不同运动项目 + 初一学生　；参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究目的:研究不同运动项目对初一学生执行功能是否有影响;以及不同项目对执行功能各方面影响的差异性。研究对象与方法:本研究选取了 179名初一学生,对照组44人,羽毛球组46人,健美操组45人,篮球组44人,进行为期3个月的实验干预。使用Stroop范式、1-back任务、More-odd shifting任务来测量不同项目组被试执行功能的抑制功能、刷新功能和转换功能三个子功能。实验结束后,对比每组被试前后测数据差异和后测不同组别之间的差异,分析不同运动干预训练实验对执行功能三个子功能的影响和差异。实验结果:(1)实验结束后,每组被试前后测数据的对比分析。①抑制功能方面:对照组实验前后无显著变化,羽毛球组、健美操组的抑制功能各项指标后测情况与前测相比均发生显著变化;篮球组后测正确率与前测相比发生显著变化,而反应时与前测相比则没有显著差异。②刷新功能方面:对照组在实验前后无显著变化;羽毛球组和篮球组被试的1-back任务正确率与前测相比存在显著差异,而反应时不存在变化;健美操组被试在1-back任务中的正确率、反应时与前测相比,均发生了显著性变化。③转换功能方面:实验后,对照组转换功能无显著变化;羽毛球组、健美操组在More-odd shifting任务中的正确率、反应时与前测相比,均发生了显著性变化;篮球组More-odd shifting任务中的正确率发生显著变化,而反应时与前测相比则没有显著差异。(2)实验结束后,不同组别被试之间完成任务的差异比较。①抑制功能任务中:通过对四组被试完成Stroop任务的一致正确率和不一致正确率进行组间比较,可以发现羽毛球组、健美操组和篮球组三个实验组与对照组之间具有非常显著性差异,而三个实验组之间不存在差异,表明通过实验,每个实验组被试的1-back任务正确率都得到一定的提高,组间差异不明显。四组被试的反应时进行比较,发现篮球组与对照组之间不存在显著差异,羽毛球组和健美操组之间不存在显著差异,羽毛球组、健美操组与篮球组和对照组之间存在显著差异,表明羽毛球组和健美操组的反应时效果要好于篮球组和对照组。②刷新功能任务中:四组被试完成1-back任务的正确率相比,三个实验组均与对照组之间存在非常显著差异,而三个实验组之间并无显著差异。由此可见,三个实验组的1-back正确率均要好于对照组。对四组被试完成1-back任务的反应时进行比较,健美操组被试反应时效果要好于羽毛球组、篮球组和对照组,羽毛球组、篮球组和对照组之间没有显著差异。③转换功能任务中:对四组被试完成More-odd shifting任务的大小正确率进行比较,发现实验组要好于对照组,而实验组之间无显著差异。四组被试完成More-odd shifting任务奇偶正确率相比较,健美操组与篮球组之间奇偶正确率无显著差异,但均好于羽毛球组和对照组。四组被试完成More-odd shifting任务混合正确率相比较,篮球组最好,羽毛球组和健美操组相当,但三个实验组都好于对照组。对四组被试完成实验后More-odd shifting任务的反应时进行多重比较发现,篮球组对于提高被试转换功能反应时的效果最好,羽毛球组、健美操组和对照组之间不存在显著差异。研究结论:为期三个月的运动干预,对初一学生的执行功能起到了一定的积极作用,其执行功能在一定程度上有所提高;(2)不同运动项目干预训练对初一学生执行功能各子功能具有不同的作用。其中,羽毛球和健美操对于提高学生的抑制功能较篮球运动好。健美操运动较羽毛球和篮球能更好地改善初一学生的刷新功能。篮球对于提高初一学生的转换功能具有更显著的效果。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study is to investigate whether different sports events have an impact on the executive function of first grade students and the differences in the impact of different projects on the implementation function. Research objects and methods: This study selected 179 first grade students, 44 control group, 46 badminton group, 45 aerobics group and 44 basketball team for 3 months. Using the Stroop paradigm, the 1-back task, and the More-odd shifting task to measure the inhibitory function of the execution function of the different project groups and the three sub functions of the refresh function and the conversion function. After the experiment, the difference between the data of each group before and after the test is compared and the differences between the different groups are compared, and the implementation of the different exercise intervention experiments is analyzed. Effect and difference of function three sub functions. Experimental results: (1) after the experiment, the comparison and analysis of the measured data before and after the experiment. (1) the inhibition function: there is no significant change in the control group before and after the experiment. The posttest situation of the inhibitory function of the badminton group and the aerobics group has been significantly changed compared with the previous test; the correct rate of the basketball team was measured after the test. Compared with the pre test, there was no significant difference between the reaction and the pre test. Secondly, there was no significant change in the control group before and after the experiment; the 1-back task of the badminton group and the basketball group had a significant difference compared with the previous test, but the reaction did not change; the aerobics group was tested in the 1-back task. There were significant changes in the correct rate and the reaction time compared with the pre test. 3. After the experiment, the conversion function of the control group had no significant changes; the correct rate of the badminton group and the aerobics group in the More-odd shifting task, compared with the previous test, had significant changes; the More-odd shifting task of the basketball team was correct. There was a significant change in the rate, but there was no significant difference between the reaction and the pre test. (2) after the experiment, the differences in the task were compared between the different groups. (1) in the inhibition function task: the badminton group and the aerobics can be found by comparing the correct rate and the correct rate of the inconsistency between the four groups of subjects to complete the Stroop task. There is a very significant difference between the three experimental groups and the control group in the group and the basketball group, but there is no difference between the three experimental groups. It shows that the correct rate of the 1-back task in each experiment group has been improved to a certain extent through the experiment. The difference between the groups is not obvious. The comparison between the four groups of subjects is compared, and the basketball group is found to be between the control group and the control group. There was no significant difference between the badminton group and the aerobics group, the badminton group, the aerobics group and the basketball team and the control group had significant differences, indicating that the effect of the badminton group and the aerobics group was better than the basketball team and the control group. (2) the four groups of subjects completed the correctness of the 1-back task. Compared with the control group, there was a very significant difference between the three experimental groups, but there was no significant difference between the three experimental groups. Thus, the correct rate of the 1-back in the three experimental groups was better than that of the control group. The effect of the four groups on the response to the completion of the 1-back task was better than the badminton group. There was no significant difference between the ball group and the control group, the badminton group, the basketball team and the control group. In the functional task, the accuracy rate of the More-odd shifting task was compared between the four groups. It was found that the experimental group was better than the control group, but there was no significant difference between the experimental groups. The four groups had completed the odd and even right of the More-odd shifting task. There is no significant difference in the rate of parity between the aerobics group and the basketball group, but it is better than the badminton group and the control group. The four groups are compared with the correct rate of the More-odd shifting task. The basketball team is the best, the badminton group and the aerobics group are equal, but the three experimental groups are all better than the control group. Four groups of subjects are completed after the experiment. The multiple comparison of the response time of the odd shifting task found that the basketball team had the best effect on the improvement of the functional response of the subjects, and there was no significant difference between the badminton group, the aerobics group and the control group. The study concluded that the three month exercise intervention had a positive effect on the executive function of the primary school students, and the implementation of the basketball team had a positive effect. The function has been improved to a certain extent; (2) the intervention training of different sports events has different functions for the primary students to perform functions of the primary students. Among them, badminton and aerobics are better than basketball for improving the students' function. It has a more significant effect on improving the conversion function of grade one students.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.96

【参考文献】