初中地理学习迁移与课程重构研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 17:23

本文选题：学习迁移 + 课程重构　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在初中地理学习中,先行学习对于后续学习的影响,被称为地理学习迁移。在初中阶段的地理教学中,地理学习迁移广泛的存在。本文所进行的研究,是通过重构初中地理课程的方式,帮助学生实现地理学习的迁移。目前我国初中地理教学中,围绕着课程标准,同时使用着多个版本的教材。本文通过研究,利用地理学习迁移的原理,在现行人教版的教材的基础上,对地理课程进行重构,将相似的地理知识集中学习,以减少新授课所需的时间,并使学生的地理成绩不因课程重构而降低。为避免学生的地理学习沦为死记硬背而丧失了学习地理的兴趣,本研究参考了互联网上备受欢迎的地理类脱口秀栏目,对地理课程重构的线索进行了编排整理,按照时间顺序总结出了若干个有趣的专题知识,用于学生在初中阶段的地理学习。本研究希望通过对初中地理课程的重构,用较少的新授课课时,完成原定的学习任务。本研究将初中地理学习中的主要知识点列表,总结出可能发生地理学习迁移的知识点之间具有的“共同要素”。根据归纳出的“共同要素”,本研究围绕其组织素材,将地理课程重构成为若干专题课程。这些专题主要包括:“农牧之争与丝绸之路的兴起”,主要涉及了中国的气候特征、分布,中国的地形,中国降水的空间分布特点,中国土地利用类型的分布。“河中地区与突厥西迁”的专题,主要涉及了亚洲的河流,中东的地理位置、范围和民族构成,伊斯兰教的分布。“奥斯曼土耳其帝国”专题,主要涉及到了中东的宗教,中东地区的交通要地,以及伊斯兰教的分布。“黑死病”的专题,涉及到了亚欧分界线,欧洲南部三大半岛的分布,欧洲西部的位置,人均耕地面积的概念。“欧洲人的‘地理大发现’”专题,涉及到了世界海陆分布,欧洲西部与中东的相对位置,地球的形状和大小,地球是球体的证据。“资源的全球配置与工业革命”专题,涉及到了人口增长理论,甘蔗的生长条件,影响工业分布的因素。“地理大发现与人种的迁移”专题,涉及到了不同人种的分布,美国农业的特点,“基因决定论”,美国和巴西的民族构成,撒哈拉以南非洲是黑种人的故乡,人口稀疏的地区及其原因。“美国的扩张”专题涉及到了美国的位置和领土组成,美国的河流、城市分布、民族构成和美国的邻国。“地理大发现与巴西”专题,涉及到了巴西的地理位置、人种构成、气候特点、地形去、河流和农产品。“地理大发现与英国的崛起”专题,涉及到了欧洲西部的地理位置和主要国家。“地理大发现与俄国的扩张”专题,涉及到了俄罗斯的位置、气候、面积和邻国。此外还有部分专题可供选择使用。本研究将被重构的课程用于对照实验。实验选取了济南泺口实验学校2015级的6个班,分为三个小组。A组为1-4班,作为对照组,按照传统的地理课程进行授课;B组为5班,作为实验组,在原先地理课程中加入专题内容进行授课;C组为6班,作为另一个实验组,完全按照重构后的课程进行地理教学。实验结果表明,B组即在原有的课程中加入专题内容,学生的成绩更好。最终得出结论:地理课程重构有助于地理学习迁移的实现和学生成绩的提高。对于地理课程的重构,应当结合学情,并在充分研读教材的基础上进行。
[Abstract]:In junior high school geography learning, the influence of the first study on the follow-up study is called the geography learning transfer. In the geography teaching of junior middle school, geography learning has a wide range of migration. The research carried out in this paper is to help students to realize the transfer of geography learning through the reconstruction of junior high school geography courses. On the basis of the principle of geography learning migration, this paper reconstructs the geography curriculum on the basis of the present teaching material of human teaching, and concentrates the learning of similar geography in order to reduce the time required for new teaching and to make the students' geographical results not to be heavy on the curriculum. In order to avoid the student's geography learning to lose the interest of learning geography, this study referred to the popular geographic talk show columns on the Internet, arranged the clues of the geography curriculum reconfiguration, and summed up some interesting thematic knowledge in chronological order, for students in junior high school. This study hopes to complete the original learning task by reconstructing junior high school geography courses with less new teaching hours. This study summarizes the main knowledge points in junior high school geography learning, and summarizes the "common elements" between knowledge points that may occur in geographical learning migration. "The same element", this study reconstructs the geography curriculum into a number of thematic courses around its organizational material. These topics include: "the struggle for agriculture and animal husbandry and the rise of the Silk Road". It mainly involves the climate characteristics, distribution of China, the topography of China, the spatial distribution of China's precipitation, the distribution of China's land use types. The theme of the migration of the region and the Turkic west mainly involves the rivers of Asia, the geographical location, the range and the ethnic composition of the Middle East, and the distribution of Islam. The theme of "Osman Turkey Empire" is mainly concerned with the religion in the Middle East, the main traffic places in the Middle East, and the distribution of islanism. The special topic of "the Black Death" involves Asia and Europe. The dividing line, the distribution of the three major Peninsula in southern Europe, the position of Western Europe and the concept of per capita arable land. "The topic of" the big geographical discovery of Europe "involves the world sea and land distribution, the relative position of Western Europe and the Middle East, the shape and size of the earth, the earth is the evidence of the sphere." the global configuration of resources and the industrial revolution. " The topic involves the population growth theory, the growing conditions of sugarcane, and the factors affecting industrial distribution. The theme of "geographical discovery and migration" involves the distribution of different races, the characteristics of the American agriculture, the "genetic determinism", the national composition of the United States and Brazil, the native land of the black people in sub Saharan Africa, and the sparse population. The region and its causes. The "American expansion" topic involves the position and composition of the United States, the rivers of the United States, the distribution of the cities, the ethnic composition and the neighbouring states of the United States. The "geographical discovery and Brazil" topic involves the geographical location of Brazil, the composition of the population, the climate characteristics, the terrain, the rivers and the agricultural products. "The great geographical discovery." The theme of "the rise of Britain" involves the geographical location and major countries of Western Europe. The theme of "geographical discovery and Russian expansion" involves Russia's position, climate, area and neighbouring countries. In addition, some of the topics are available for use. This study will be used as a contrast experiment. The experiment selects Ji'nan. The 6 classes of grade 2015 in the experimental school were divided into three groups.A group 1-4 class, as the control group, according to the traditional geography courses, the B group was class 5, as the experimental group, the original geography curriculum was added to the subject course; the C group was class 6, as another experimental group, the experiment was carried out according to the reconstructed course geography teaching. The results show that the B group added the subject content to the original course, and the students' achievements are better. Finally, the conclusion is that the geography curriculum reconfiguration is helpful to the realization of geography learning transfer and the improvement of students' achievement. The reconstruction of geography curriculum should be combined with the study situation, and should be carried out on the basis of the full study of the teaching materials.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.55

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