高三学生数学运算求解能力的现状调查与分析

发布时间：2018-06-25 12:54

本文选题：高三学生 + 数学运算求解能力　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：运算求解能力是数学学习的重要能力之一,也是高考考查的重中之重,而根据笔者多年的教学经验和实践探究,运算求解是学生最容易忽视也是丢分最严重的情况之一,如定义、概念模糊、理解不到位;机械地套用公式,忘记式子成立的条件;对运算结果的合理性,准确性,简便策略没有监控;对学习数学产生畏惧心理,没有形成优秀的数学学习习惯等等。针对这些问题,笔者想进一步了解并分析当前高三学生运算求解现状,有针对性的提出如何提高学生的运算求解水平,让高三学生尽力弥补自己数学学习中的短板,有效的应对高考的方法。本文主要采用文本分析、试题测试及调查问卷的方法,调查分析现在高三学生运算求解能力的发展状况,找到存在的问题并分析问题形成的原因,查找问题的解决策略。本文第一章说明问题提出的意义及研究的思路和方法,笔者从数学起源谈起,有课程标准到考试大纲对运算求解能力的要求,以及学生在平时学习考试中出现的问题,指出数学运算求解能力是数学学习中最基础、最重要的能力之一,没有数学运算求解能力的培养,不可能学好数学。而我们在平时教学中,一遇到到运算求解的问题,许多老师也都绕过去,认为那是学生的事情,而学生在运算中也只是看看思路,感觉自己会算即可,还有部分学生在做题时碰到运算求解问题时简单的套用公式,不能对式子灵活变形,不能选择合理简洁的运算途径,运算求解过程一复杂,正确率就会下降等等,使得这些学生的学习变得更为吃力,这大大削弱了学生数学学习的积极性和自信心,同时也给高中数学教学带来了诸多的问题。第二章对数学运算求解能力的相关定义进行了界定,从而一层一层理解数学运算求解能力的实质,接着又通过对数学运算求解中算理和算法的透视,指出数学运算要讲理,理从何来,我们在这里就会找到答案。其次作者从《标准》和高考对高三生数学运算能力的要求出发,详实的介绍了新课标中有哪些运算求解要求;从以下四个方面来阐述高考对运算求解的考查要求。第三章对高中生运算求解能力的现状调查和分析,从四个方面介绍了学生平时作业或考试中的典型错题;并专门对高三学生数学运算能力进行了测试并逐项分析;又对测试题典型运算错误进行分析,最后笔者又对本校骨干教师进行访谈,指出运算求解能力的重要性并找出出现的问题。第四章从学生数学学习的内在因素和客观因素剖析学生运算求解能力较弱的因素。主观因素又从三个方面加以分析:归因问题,心理素质和数学学习习惯。客观因素从教师教学和应试教育加以分析。第五章从四个方面提出影响学生运算能力水平发展的原因分析及应对策略。在教学中要调动学生学习的积极性,必须要重视学生心理素质的培养,加强心理健康教育。其次要重视基础知识学习,养成良好的数学学习习惯。在平时教学中要注重概念、公式、定理和运算法则的学习,分解有难度的知识点。让学生养成良好的运算和解题习惯,再次,要教会学生建立和高效的使用错题本。这样才能突破难点,化整为零,提炼数学思想方法并加以应用。第六章对本文进行了总结与展望。
[Abstract]:Computing solving ability is one of the important abilities of mathematics learning, and it is also the most important of the examination of the college entrance examination. According to the author's years of teaching experience and practice, the calculation is one of the most easily neglected and most serious cases of the students, such as the definition, the fuzzy concept, the lack of understanding, the mechanical application of the formula and the bar set up. There is no monitoring of the reasonableness, accuracy and simple strategy of the calculation results, the fear of learning mathematics, and the lack of excellent mathematical learning habits. In view of these problems, the author wants to further understand and analyze the present situation of the calculation of the senior three students and how to improve the calculation level of the students. This article mainly adopts the method of text analysis, test test and questionnaire to investigate and analyze the development of the computing solving ability of the senior three students, find out the existing problems and analyze the causes of the problems and find solutions to the problem. The first chapter of this article explains the significance of the problem and the thought and method of the study. From the origin of mathematics, I have the requirements of the curriculum standard to the calculation ability of the exam outline and the problems that the students appear in the ordinary study examination. Without the ability to solve mathematical calculation, it is impossible to learn mathematics. And in our ordinary teaching, when we meet the problem of computing, many teachers go around and think that it is a student. In the operation, the students just look at the way of thinking, feel that they can calculate it, and some students meet the calculation problem when they are doing the problems. The simple formula of the problem can not flexibly deform the formula, and can not choose a reasonable and concise way of operation. The calculation process is complicated and the correct rate will decline. The students' learning becomes more laborious, which greatly weaken the enthusiasm and self-confidence of the students' mathematics learning, and also bring the mathematics teaching in high school. A number of problems. The second chapter defines the relevant definition of the ability to solve mathematical computing, so as to understand the essence of the ability to solve mathematical computation in one layer and one layer, and then through the perspective of mathematical calculation and arithmetic, we point out that the mathematical calculation should be reasonable and why we will find the answer here. Secondly, the author is from the "mark". According to the requirements for the mathematical computing ability of the junior high school students in the college entrance examination and the college entrance examination, the paper introduces the calculation requirements in the new curriculum standard, and expounds the requirements for the examination of the calculation in the following four aspects. The third chapter investigates and analyzes the present situation of the computing solving ability of the high school students, and introduces the students' ordinary homework or examination from four aspects. The typical problems in the middle school are tested and analyzed separately, and the typical error of the test questions is analyzed. Finally, the author also talks about the key teachers in the school, points out the importance of the computing ability and finds out the problems. The fourth chapter is from the internal factors and guests of the students' mathematics learning. The subjective factors are analyzed from three aspects: the attribution problem, the psychological quality and the mathematical learning habit. The objective factors are analyzed from the teacher teaching and the exam oriented education. The fifth chapter puts forward the analysis of the reasons for the development of the students' computing power level and the coping strategies from four aspects. In order to arouse the enthusiasm of the students in teaching, we must attach importance to the cultivation of students' psychological quality and strengthen the education of mental health. Secondly, we should attach importance to the study of basic knowledge and develop a good habit of mathematics learning. In the ordinary teaching, we should pay attention to the study of concepts, formulas, theorems and algorithms, and break up the difficult points of knowledge. Good operation and problem solving habits, again, to teach students to establish and efficient use of the wrong book. In this way, we can break through the difficulties, turn into zero, refine the mathematical thinking method and apply it. The sixth chapter makes a summary and Prospect of this article.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.6

【参考文献】