高中化学新授课导学案的编制及应用案例探究

发布时间：2018-06-27 18:59

本文选题：导学案 + 高中化学　；参考：《河南师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着时代的发展与社会的进步,传统教育的弊端日益突出,死记硬背及机械训练等严重制约了我国教育的发展,而新课改倡导学生主动参与、勤于动手及合作探讨,克服了传统应试教育的弊端,充分尊重学生的人格及个体差异,注重培养学生学习的独立性和自主性,目前围绕新课改的相关探索开展得如火如荼。在教学过程中,导学案基于“以学生为中心”的核心理念,教师以课程标准和考试大纲为依据,深入研究教材,从学生学习的角度设计导学案,然后以导学案为课堂教学的操作材料,组织学生开展课前预习、课堂学习及课后复习的学习流程,突出了学生的主体地位,将教师的“教”和学生的“学”进行有机结合,培养了学生独立探索能力,符合新课改理念,对于学生综合素质的提高有重要意义。导学案作为课堂教学的重要组成,担负着知识体系的框架表,课堂展示的素材来源,教学活动思维展开的指向标,是引领学生独立自主学习的指路图。化学学科具有严密的逻辑性,高中化学为全体高中学生开设,目的是促进学生在知识技能、过程方法等方面的发展,同时也为相关学科课程的学习奠定基础。化学导学案的作用应该是利用生活中常见的化学现象,层层深入的引导学生进行课堂学习,使学生感知化学的严密性,开发学生的思维能力,及时加以联系巩固。本论文以高中化学导学案为研究主体,首先探讨了导学案的研究背景以及意义,分析了导学案的国内外研究现状以及我国化学导学案面临的教学环境,对导学案的内涵以及特点进行分析概述,区分导学案与教案、学案的差异,分析推行导学案的意义;然后进行高中化学导学案的设计,研究导学案编写的常见模式,探讨导学案的编写原则,确定导学案编制流程以及分析导学案编制过程中容易出现的问题,为下文导学案的编制设计提供理论基础;最后通过对导学案的研究,以高中化学知识的分类为基础,编制合适的导学案,进行教学实践效果分析,通过实验反馈发现,基于知识分类的化学导学案教学能够活跃课堂氛围,基本得到学生的认可,学生通过一学期的学习,已经熟悉了导学案的流程,能够主动专研学习,学习兴趣也得到很大的提高,学生的主体意识也得到增强,因此,基于知识分类的化学导学案教学有望推广使用。由于研究不够深入,本文对导学案的开发和设计只考虑了基于知识分类的导学案的编制,无法全面考虑到学校的教学模式及学生素质,因此存在一定的局限性。随着课改的深入,越来越多的教师开始自主开发导学案,导学案的整体规范越来越重要,开发出不同层次和不同特点的导学案也显得更加重要,这就需要更多教育工作者的进一步探讨与研究。
[Abstract]:With the development of the times and the progress of the society, the disadvantages of traditional education become more and more prominent. Rote memorization and mechanical training seriously restrict the development of education in our country. It overcomes the shortcomings of traditional examination-oriented education, fully respects students' personality and individual differences, and pays attention to cultivating students' independence and autonomy in learning. At present, the relevant exploration about the new curriculum reform is in full swing. In the teaching process, the guiding case is based on the core idea of "student-centered", and the teacher, based on the curriculum standard and examination outline, deeply studies the teaching material and designs the guide case from the perspective of student learning. Then using the instruction plan as the operating material of classroom teaching, we organize the students to carry out the study flow of pre-class, classroom study and after-class review, which highlights the main position of students and organically combines the "teaching" of teachers with "learning" of students. It is of great significance for the improvement of students' comprehensive quality to cultivate their ability of independent exploration and accord with the idea of new curriculum reform. As an important component of classroom teaching, the guiding case is the guiding chart of the independent learning of students, which shoulders the frame table of the knowledge system, the source of the material displayed in the classroom, and the direction of the thinking development of the teaching activities. Chemistry course has strict logic. High school chemistry is set up for all senior high school students. The purpose is to promote the development of students' knowledge and skills, process methods and so on, and to lay the foundation for the study of the relevant subjects at the same time. The function of the chemistry teaching plan should be to make use of the common chemistry phenomenon in life, to guide the students to study in class layer by layer, to make students perceive the strictness of chemistry, to develop the students' thinking ability, and to connect and consolidate them in time. In this paper, the main body of this study is the case of high school chemistry guidance. Firstly, the research background and significance of the case are discussed, and the present situation of the research at home and abroad as well as the teaching environment facing the case of chemistry guidance in our country are analyzed. This paper analyzes and summarizes the connotation and characteristics of the guiding case, distinguishes the difference between the teaching case and the teaching case, analyzes the significance of carrying out the guiding case, and then carries on the design of the guiding case of chemistry in senior high school, and studies the common mode of compiling the guiding case. This paper probes into the compiling principles of the guide case, determines the process of compiling the guide case and analyzes the problems that may arise in the course of compiling the guide case, which provides the theoretical basis for the compilation and design of the guide case below; finally, through the study of the guide case, Based on the classification of chemistry knowledge in senior high school, the author makes a proper teaching instruction plan, analyzes the effect of teaching practice, and finds out through the experiment feedback that the teaching of chemistry guidance plan based on knowledge classification can activate the classroom atmosphere and get the approval of the students. Through a semester of study, students have become familiar with the process of guided study plan, have been able to take the initiative to study exclusively, their interest in learning has also been greatly improved, and the students' awareness of the subject has also been enhanced. Therefore, Based on the classification of knowledge, the teaching of chemistry instruction plan is expected to be popularized. Because the research is not deep enough, the development and design of the guiding case only consider the compilation of the guided case based on the classification of knowledge, and can not fully consider the teaching mode of the school and the quality of the students, so there are some limitations. With the deepening of the curriculum reform, more and more teachers begin to develop the guiding case independently, and the overall norms of the teaching case are becoming more and more important, so it is more important to develop the guiding case with different levels and characteristics. This requires more educators to further explore and study.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.8

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