初中物理小班化课堂教学实施的理论与实践

发布时间：2018-11-20 10:18

【摘要】：小班是近几年教育改革的一个热词,其旨在解决班级发展过程中班额过大的问题。本文认为,缩小班额是体现新课改理念的一项举措,小班的课堂教学方式能够更加促进学生个性的发展和能力的培养。物理学科是一门揭示事物的基本结构、事物间的相互作用和基本规律的基础学科,学生在学习物理时,应当以热情、充满兴趣的状态去面对生活中的物理现象和物理问题,能用理性的思维去认识问题、分析问题、进而用条理清晰的语言表达出来,能够在实验中探索发现真知,能够与老师、同学之间进行有效地交流讨论。那么,在小班的情境中采取合作学习的方式是物理学科最佳的教学方式。通过梳理班级组织形式的发展历程,笔者认为小班化教学是在全球范围内的一种教育改革潮流。美国是最早进行小班化教学研究的国家,美国进行的小班化教学研究得到了普遍认同的三个结论:第一,小班化教学可以促进学生成绩的提高。第二,小班化教学使学生的课堂学习行为增加,在一定程度上降低了学生的反社会行为。第三,小班化教学在教学效果、教学方法、教学行为等方面有积极的作用,对教师自我理想的实现和专业自我的发展有积极的帮助。我国对小班化教学的研究较晚,主要是在小班化教学的意义、理论基础和实践策略等方面进行了研究。我国小班化教学的研究虽然取得了一定的成绩,但是还存在着本土理论研究缺乏、理论概括不足、结合具体情境的行动研究较少等问题。笔者对济南第二十七中学进行了较为深入的研究。该学校符合小班化教学的条件,同时也在积极探索合作学习的教学改革之路,经过十年的发展取得了不小的成就。笔者对该学校初二年级学生的合作学习的态度和合作学习技能进行了问卷调查,调查结果表明学生已经具备了良好的合作学习的技能,对合作学习认同度高。在物理课堂中,该校教师注重运用合作学习的策略进行课堂教学,同时注重对学生合作技能的培养,经过长期的教学活动,取得了良好的教学效果。合作学习在教学改革中凭借着自身的优势焕发着无穷的力量。小班化教学情境中的课堂教学采取合作学习的方式进行,这是符合时代发展要求的。
[Abstract]:Small class is a hot word in educational reform in recent years, which aims to solve the problem of excessive class size in the course of class development. This paper holds that the reduction of class size is a measure to reflect the new curriculum reform idea, and the teaching method of small class can promote the development of students' personality and ability. Physics is a basic subject that reveals the basic structure of things, the interaction between things and the basic laws. When students study physics, they should face the physical phenomena and physical problems in life with enthusiasm and full of interest. It can use rational thinking to understand problems, analyze problems, and then express them in a coherent language, can explore and discover true knowledge in experiments, and can communicate and discuss effectively with teachers and students. Therefore, the best way to teach physics is to adopt cooperative learning in small class. By combing the development of class organization, the author thinks that small class teaching is a trend of education reform in the world. The United States is the first country to conduct small class teaching research. The small class teaching research in the United States has got three generally agreed conclusions: first, small class teaching can promote the improvement of students' achievement. Second, small class teaching increases students' classroom learning behavior and reduces their anti-social behavior to some extent. Third, small class teaching plays a positive role in teaching effect, teaching method, teaching behavior and so on, which is helpful to the realization of teachers' self-ideal and the development of professional self. The research of small class teaching in our country is late, mainly in the meaning, theory foundation and practice strategy of small class teaching. Although some achievements have been made in the research of small-class teaching in our country, there are still some problems such as the lack of local theoretical research, the lack of theoretical generalization and the less research on action combined with specific situation. The author has carried on the comparatively thorough research to the Jinan No. 27 middle school. The school conforms to the condition of teaching in small classes and is actively exploring the way of teaching reform of cooperative learning. After ten years of development, it has made great achievements. The author investigated the students' cooperative learning attitude and cooperative learning skills in the second grade of the school. The results showed that the students already had good cooperative learning skills and had a high degree of recognition for cooperative learning. In the physics classroom, the teachers pay attention to the use of cooperative learning strategies for classroom teaching, and at the same time pay attention to the cultivation of students' cooperative skills. Through long-term teaching activities, good teaching results have been achieved. Cooperative learning coruscates infinite strength by virtue of its own advantages in teaching reform. The classroom teaching in the small class teaching situation adopts the cooperative learning method, which is in line with the development of the times.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.7

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