烟台市中学女生体育锻炼行为及其影响因素的研究

发布时间：2018-11-25 07:49

【摘要】：2016年中共中央国务院印发《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》中提出,促进重点人群体育活动以提高全民身体素质,并将青少年和妇女作为首要重点人群。中学女生良好体育锻炼行为的促进是国家对全民健康提升的要求和对青少年女性体育锻炼提升的需要。本研究主要采用问卷调查法、访谈调查法对烟台市中学女生和体育教师进行体育锻炼行为相关调查分析,根据调查现状和分析影响因素提出烟台市中学女生体育锻炼行为提升策略和建议。烟台市中学女生体育锻炼行为现状的调查结果:(1)烟台市中学女生对体育锻炼的重要性有较高认知,但是对体育锻炼价值的认知比较局限。认为参加体育运动重要的女生占总人数的80.2%,认为运动的价值是保持身体健康的女生占75.2%;(2)烟台市中学女生大部分处于较高的锻炼动机水平。50.6%的中学女生参加体育锻炼的主要动机是认同调节动机中的为了健康和保持体型,其中健康动机占35.1%;(3)烟台市中学女生运动的主要时间都集中在体育课和学校组织的大课间活动上,课余锻炼主要在周末。60.2%的中学女生一周参加3-4次体育锻炼。放学后的闲暇时间有将近二分之一的女生不参加任何锻炼,周末参加两次及以上的人数占59.0%;(4)烟台市中学女生的锻炼项目较为传统,现阶段锻炼还是以跑步项目为主,中学女生对羽毛球、健美操等项目呈现出多元化的需求;(5)烟台市学校比家庭为中学女生体育锻炼提供了更多的场地和器材;(6)84.1%的中学女生在生理期不参与任何锻炼,50.7%的女生对生理期适度运动有错误认知,中学女生在经期不参与体育锻炼现象普遍;(7)51.8%的烟台市中学女生处于体育锻炼行为阶段的准备阶段,行动水平低。初中女生和高中女生体育锻炼行为阶段分布差异极为显著,高中女生有体育锻炼退出现象。通过因子分析,得出影响烟台市中学女生体育锻炼主要因素。心理因素是心理状态、锻炼效能、体育认知以及锻炼动机等;环境因素是锻炼机会、体育教师、学校条件和锻炼氛围;家庭因素是父母的日常体育锻炼行为、父母家人的支持以及家里拥有的锻炼器材;个人条件和需求因素主要是生理周期、空闲时间以及体育锻炼成效。各因素内按照影响程度从高到低排列。最后对准烟台市中学女生体育锻炼问题于中学女生、家庭、学校、社会四个方面提出提升策略并给出实施建议。
[Abstract]:In 2016, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the "healthy China 2030" program outline, proposed to promote sports activities of key people to improve the physical fitness of the whole people, and young people and women as the top priority population. The promotion of good physical exercise behavior of middle school girls is the requirement of national health promotion and the need of adolescent female physical exercise. This research mainly uses the questionnaire survey method, the interview investigation method to Yantai middle school girl student and the physical education teacher carries on the physical exercise behavior correlation investigation analysis. According to the investigation and analysis of the influencing factors, the strategies and suggestions of improving the physical exercise behavior of female middle school students in Yantai City were put forward. The results of the investigation on the present situation of female students' physical exercise behavior in Yantai City: (1) the female students in middle school in Yantai City had a higher cognition of the importance of physical exercise, but the cognition of the value of physical exercise was relatively limited. 80.2% of the total number of female students think that it is important to take part in sports, and 75.2% of them think that the value of sports is to keep healthy. (2) the majority of middle school girls in Yantai City are in a higher level of exercise motivation. 50.6% of the middle school girls' main motivation to participate in physical exercise is to identify with the regulating motivation for health and body shape, among which health motivation accounts for 35.1; (3) the main time of middle school girls' sports in Yantai city is mainly in physical education and the large class activities organized by the school, the extracurricular exercise is mainly on the weekends. 60.2% of the middle school girls take part in three or four physical exercises a week. Nearly 1/2 girls do not take part in any exercise in their leisure time after school, and 59.0% of them take part in two or more weekends. (4) the female students in Yantai middle school have more traditional exercise items. At the present stage, the main training items are running, and the middle school girls have diversified demands for badminton, aerobics and so on. (5) Yantai school provides more venues and equipment for middle school girls' physical exercise than the family; (6) 84.1% of middle school girls did not take part in any exercise during physiological period, 50.7% girls had wrong cognition about moderate exercise of physiological period, and it was common for middle school girls not to participate in physical exercise during menstrual period; (7) 51.8% of the middle school girls in Yantai City were in the preparation stage of physical exercise, and the level of action was low. There is a significant difference between junior middle school girls and senior high school girls in the distribution of physical exercise behavior stage, and high school girls have the phenomenon of physical exercise withdrawal. Through factor analysis, the main factors that affect the physical exercise of female middle school students in Yantai City are obtained. The psychological factors are mental state, exercise efficacy, sports cognition and exercise motivation, etc. The environmental factors are exercise opportunities, physical education teachers, school conditions and exercise atmosphere. The family factor is the daily physical exercise behavior of the parents, the support of the parents' family and the exercise equipment owned by the family, while the personal condition and demand factors are mainly physiological cycle, free time and the effect of physical exercise. The factors are arranged according to the degree of influence from high to low. Finally, aiming at the problem of female students' physical exercise in middle school in Yantai City, this paper puts forward the promotion strategy and puts forward some suggestions on how to improve the situation in four aspects: middle school girl, family, school and society.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.96

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