概念图在高中化学基本概念教学中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-12-15 00:43

【摘要】：化学学科知识是素质教育对公民的要求,也是提高我国公民基本素质的基础。化学基本概念是化学学科知识的核心,概念图是认知化学基本概念的一种方式,开展概念图在高中化学基本概念教学的应用研究对提高化学教学质量、提升学生科学素养具有重要的作用。本研究以有意义学习理论、概念图理论、信息加工学习理论、建构主义理论为基础,设计了高中化学基本概念教学现状教师和学生调查问卷。通过调查,结果表明:高中化学教师学科教学理论知识欠缺,教学方式单一,在具体化学基本概念教学过程中注重知识的传授;学生缺乏获取化学基本概念知识生成的过程,失去学习化学知识的兴趣。通过概念图在高中化学基本概念教学的研究,应用概念图理论进行教学能够明显转变学生学习化学知识的态度,激发学生的学习兴趣,提高学生的化学素养。应用概念图进行化学基本概念,教师应做到:(1)确定概念较为集中的知识领域并鼓励学生自主构建概念图,保证构图的自主性;(2)引导学生在制作概念图时要帮助学生建立正确的逻辑思维,体现概念图的逻辑性;(3)要求学生在用图形表示化学概念和化学原理时应尽量避免过长的文字表述,突出概念图的简洁性;(4)在充分尊重学生个性的基础上,不以“专家图”束缚学生思维,体现出概念图的多样性。
[Abstract]:Chemistry knowledge is not only the requirement of quality education for citizens, but also the basis of improving the basic quality of Chinese citizens. The basic concept of chemistry is the core of the knowledge of chemistry, and the concept map is a way of cognitive chemistry. The research on the application of concept map in the teaching of basic concept of chemistry in senior high school can improve the quality of chemistry teaching. Improving students' scientific literacy plays an important role. Based on meaningful learning theory, concept map theory, information processing learning theory and constructivism theory, this study designed a questionnaire for teachers and students in the teaching of basic concepts of chemistry in senior high school. Through the investigation, the results show that: high school chemistry teachers lack of theoretical knowledge in the subject teaching, the teaching method is single, and pay attention to the teaching of knowledge in the process of teaching the basic concepts of specific chemistry; Students lack the process of acquiring knowledge of basic concepts of chemistry and lose interest in learning chemistry knowledge. Through the research of concept map in the basic concept teaching of chemistry in senior high school, the application of concept map theory in teaching can obviously change the students' attitude towards learning chemistry knowledge, stimulate their interest in learning and improve their chemistry literacy. When applying concept map to the basic concept of chemistry, teachers should: (1) to determine the domain of knowledge which is more concentrated in concept and to encourage students to construct concept map independently to ensure the autonomy of composition; (2) to guide students to establish correct logical thinking and reflect the logicality of concept map when making concept map; (3) students should avoid too long words and emphasize the conciseness of the concept map; (4) on the basis of fully respecting students' personality and not restricting students' thinking with "expert map", the diversity of concept map is reflected.
【学位授予单位】：信阳师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.8

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