大规模侵权事件中未来侵权债权的法律保护——以“三鹿奶粉事件”为例

发布时间：2018-01-07 10:20

本文关键词：大规模侵权事件中未来侵权债权的法律保护——以“三鹿奶粉事件”为例　出处：《理论探索》2015年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：我国大规模侵权事件的民事赔偿程序主要包括:政府先行垫付患者医疗费用,政府牵头确定民事赔偿方案,债权人向法院申请启动破产程序,破产事宜及侵权债权的后续清偿。大规模侵权事件中未来侵权债权清偿面临的法律困境主要包括:非合意之债的性质强化了未来侵权债权人的弱势地位,立法缺失排除了侵权索赔的法律适用,公司终止后侵权民事责任只针对现时债权设立使未来债权侵权丧失了求偿依据。大规模侵权事件中针对未来侵权债权保护的法理依据是:公司法司法解释为未来侵权债权的保护预留了适用空间,确立未来侵权债权保护是公司法人格否认理论的必然延伸,美国继受人责任规则为未来侵权债权保护提供了裁判思路。完善大规模侵权事件中未来侵权债权保护的具体法律制度应做到:扩展责任主体以保护未来侵权债权,明确期限和范围以保护未来侵权债权,完善欺诈性财产转让制度以保护未来侵权债权。此外,在大规模侵权事件处理中,一方面政府应主动介入发挥积极的调控作用,另一方面应建立政府适时退出机制以便让市场发挥决定性作用。
[Abstract]:The civil compensation procedure of large-scale tort in our country mainly includes: the government pays the patient's medical expenses in advance, the government takes the lead to determine the civil compensation plan, and the creditor applies to the court to start the bankruptcy procedure. Bankruptcy matters and subsequent settlement of tort claims. In large-scale tort incidents, the future tort claims will face legal difficulties, including: the nature of non-consensual debt strengthens the weak position of future tort creditors. The lack of legislation excludes the legal application of tort claims. The civil liability of tort after the termination of the company is only for the establishment of the present creditor's rights. The legal basis for the protection of future tort claims in large-scale tort incidents is as follows:. The judicial interpretation of company law reserves space for the future protection of tort claims. It is an inevitable extension of the theory of personality denial of company law to establish the protection of tort claims in the future. The rules of liability in the United States provide a way of judgment for the protection of future tort claims. It is necessary to perfect the specific legal system for the protection of future tort claims in large-scale tort incidents. Expand the subject of liability to protect future tort claims. Define the time limit and scope to protect future tort claims, improve the system of fraudulent property transfer to protect future tort claims. On the one hand, the government should take the initiative to intervene and play a positive regulatory role, on the other hand, the government should establish a timely withdrawal mechanism to allow the market to play a decisive role.
【作者单位】：北京联合大学;
【基金】：北京市哲学社会科学规划项目“食品安全中行政执法与刑事司法衔接问题研究”(13FXC039),负责人邵彦铭北京联合大学人才强校计划人才资助项目“北京市文化创意企业知识产权质押模式与风险控制研究”(BPHR2015A01),负责人郭娅丽
【分类号】：D923
【正文快照】： 现代工业社会给人类生活带来便利的同时,各种风险随之相伴而生,产品缺陷、环境污染、生产安全等事故频发,此类事件一般所涉受害者众,损害后果亦重,因此,谓之为大规模侵权事件。2008年三鹿问题奶粉事件1发生后,大规模侵权事件导致的企业破产引起学界广泛关注,大部分学者主张赋

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