公司章程无效制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 10:36

本文选题：公司章程　切入点：无效制度　出处：《安徽大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 公司作为现代社会最重要的企业组织形式,掌握着世界大部分的财富,对整个社会具有极大的影响力。公司章程是公司必备的有发起人共同制定的,规定公司名称、宗旨、经营范围、组织机构、出资方式、权利义务分配等重大事项的自治规则,其对公司具有重要意义。新《公司法》强化了公司章程的自治功能,赋予了公司章程更大的自治空间,但《公司法》未对公司章程的无效作出规定,使得实践中出现公司章程违法等情形时无法解决。对此,有必要对公司章程的无效问题进行理论上的探讨,以解决实践中出现的问题,从而进一步完善我国的公司章程制度。公司章程无效是指经公司登记机关审查登记的公司章程,因违反法律、行政法规的强制性规定、损害股东权益,或者损害社会公共利益,而导致法律对公司章程的否定性评价,致其不产生预期的法律效果。大陆法系和英美法系两大法系对公司章程的无效作出了不同之规定,值得我们借鉴。公司章程无效制度具有重要的意义,能够促进公司发展和社会秩序的稳定。公司章程无效的认定从三个方面进行分析。首先是公司章程无效认定的主体问题,笔者通过论证分析,指出股东、董事(会)、监事(会)、高级管理人员、公司外部相关主体、有关国家行政机关有权主张公司章程无效,有关行政机关、人民法院和仲裁机构有权确认公司章程无效。其次是公司章程无效认定的标准问题,笔者指出公司章程违反法律、行政法规的强制性规范、损害股东利益、损害社会公共利益的无效。最后是公司章程无效认定的程序问题,笔者分析了公司章程无效认定的行政程序和司法程序,指出公司设立登记机关可以依据申请或者自行对公司章程效力进行审查认定,证监会可以依据申请或者自行对上市公司的章程效力进行审查认定,对公司设立登记机关和证监会作出的决定有异议的,可以提起行政复议或者行政诉讼；股东、董事(会)、监事(会)、高级管理人员以及公司外部利益相关者可以以公司为被告向公司注册登记地法院提起诉讼,法院就公司章程是否有效作出相应判决；仲裁机构可以依据所有股东另行达成的仲裁协议对章程的效力作出仲裁。公司章程无效会产生一系列的法律后果,如公司章程整体无效会引起公司设立无效,公司章程条款无效会引起公司章程修改,依据无效公司章程所作之决议无效。此外,公司章程无效会导致相关主体的民事、行政和刑事法律责任。
[Abstract]:As the most important form of enterprise organization in modern society, the company holds most of the wealth of the world and has great influence on the whole society. The autonomous rules of business scope, organization, capital contribution, distribution of rights and obligations are of great significance to the company. The new Company Law strengthens the autonomous function of the articles of association of the company and gives the articles of association a greater space of autonomy. However, the Company Law does not provide for the invalidation of the articles of association, which makes it impossible to solve the problem of the invalidation of the articles of association in practice when the articles of association are illegal in practice, so it is necessary to make a theoretical discussion on the invalidation of the articles of association. In order to solve the problems in practice, and further improve our company charter system. Invalidity of articles of association means that the articles of association of a company which have been examined and registered by the company registration authority, because they violate the mandatory provisions of the laws and administrative regulations, impair the rights and interests of shareholders, or damage the public interest, The negative evaluation of the articles of association by law does not result in the expected legal effect. The two major legal systems of civil law and common law make different provisions on the invalidity of the articles of association. The system of invalid articles of association is of great significance and can promote the development of the company and the stability of social order. The identification of the invalidity of the articles of association is analyzed from three aspects. First of all, it is the subject problem of the invalidation of the articles of association. The author points out that the shareholders, directors, supervisors (meeting, senior management personnel, external relevant subjects of the company), through demonstration and analysis, The relevant state administrative organs have the right to claim the invalidity of the articles of association of the company, and the relevant administrative organs, people's courts and arbitration institutions have the right to confirm the invalidity of the articles of association of the company. The compulsory regulation of administrative regulations damages the interests of shareholders and the social and public interests. Finally, it is the procedural problem of invalidation of articles of association. The author analyzes the administrative and judicial procedures for invalidation of articles of association. It is pointed out that the company registration authority may examine and determine the validity of the articles of association on the basis of the application or on its own, and the CSRC may examine the validity of the articles of association of the listed company on the basis of the application or on its own. Where there is any objection to the decision made by the company's registration authority and the CSRC, an administrative reconsideration or an administrative lawsuit may be instituted; the shareholders, Directors, supervisors, senior managers and external stakeholders of the company may take the company as the defendant to the court of the place where the company is registered, and the court shall make a corresponding judgment as to whether the articles of association of the company are valid or not; Arbitration institutions may arbitrate the validity of the articles of association on the basis of separate arbitration agreements reached by all shareholders. The invalidation of the articles of association will have a series of legal consequences, such as the invalidation of the articles of association as a whole, the invalidation of the articles of association, the modification of the articles of association, and the invalidation of the resolutions made in accordance with the articles of association of the invalid companies. The invalidation of the articles of association will lead to the civil, administrative and criminal liability of the relevant subjects.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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