上海市司法人员任职回避制度的问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-09 10:48

本文关键词： 司法人员任职回避一方退出司法公正　出处：《上海社会科学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自2014年开始,上海作为司法体制改革试点,先行展开司法改革。2015年,随着司法体制改革在上海的全面推行,上海推出了所谓的"最严回避令"即有关上海司法人员任职回避的《上海法官、检察官从严管理六条规定》,其内容要求法官、检察官配偶在本市从事律师、司法审计、司法拍卖职业的,各级法院、检察院领导班子成员配偶、子女在本市从事前述职业的,应当实行一方退出。该制度有别于普通的公务员任职回避制度,也有别于现有的司法回避制度。这一规定一经推出,就受到了社会各界的广泛关注,法学理论界和司法实务届都不断发声,对该规定有所评价。"最严回避令"出台的初衷是积极的,也自然有其必要性,司法人员与律师的利益冲突,司法人员的腐败现象,司法公信力的缺失以及现有司法回避制度的缺陷,都呼唤它的出台。但同时它遭受了一些质疑,在法理上存在争议,在实践中存在问题。在法理上,它被认为缺乏正当性和合理性。首先,它没有遵守法律位阶原则,与《法官法》、《检察官法》等基本法律的相关规定存在冲突;其次,它的出台与保障公民职业选择权等价值也有所冲突,侵犯了司法人员及其家属的职业选择权,间接违反了《劳动法》的原则性规定;再次,它导致了司法人员与其配偶离婚的现象,间接侵犯了公民婚姻自由权;最后,在回避对象范围的问题上也有待细化,从职业范围上来说,没有将基层法律服务工作者列入其中,从回避情形上来说,仅仅要求配偶、子女回避,没有将父母、同胞兄弟姊妹、媳妇、女婿这些身份关系列入其中。在实践中,也面临了司法人才资源流失、失业问题的产生以及假离婚、隐名代理现象的产生等一系列社会问题。本文通过对该制度的研究,针对上述争议与问题,一一作出回应与评析,得出了上海市司法人员任职回避制度应当推行的结论。它的实行有利于推进司法体制改革进程,有利于提高司法公信力,有利于保障司法公正,防止司法腐败。尽管如此,出台后的争议与实施中的问题依然不容忽视,应通过制定法律确立该制度,通过细化回避情形完善该制度,通过建立长效跟踪机制落实该制度。同时应当完善司法监督机制以及加强司法人员道德建设等相关措施,配合司法人员任职回避制度落实,实现司法公正的最终目标。
[Abstract]:Since 2014, as a pilot of judicial system reform, Shanghai has carried out judicial reform first. In 2015, with the full implementation of judicial system reform in Shanghai, Shanghai has introduced the so-called "strictest withdrawal order," that is, "Shanghai judges, six provisions on the strict administration of procurators" concerning the disqualification of judicial personnel in Shanghai. Its contents require judges, public procurators' spouses to engage in lawyers and judicial audits in this city. Where a judicial auction profession is engaged in, the spouses and children of members of the leading bodies of the courts and procuratorates at all levels who are engaged in the aforementioned occupations in this municipality shall withdraw from the employment of one party. This system is different from the system of disqualification of public servants from holding office, It is also different from the existing judicial challenge system. Once this provision is introduced, it has received extensive attention from all walks of life in the society, and the legal theorists and judicial practice have been constantly speaking out. The original intention of "the strictest avoidance order" was positive, and naturally there was its necessity. Conflicts of interest between judicial personnel and lawyers, corruption among judicial personnel, The lack of judicial credibility and the defects of the existing judicial challenge system call for its introduction. But at the same time, it has been questioned, there are disputes in the legal theory, there are problems in practice. It is considered to be lacking in legitimacy and reasonableness. First, it does not abide by the principle of legal rank and conflicts with the relevant provisions of the basic laws, such as the Law on judges, the Law on Public prosecutors, etc. Its introduction also conflicts with the value of safeguarding citizens' professional right to choose, which infringes on the professional right of judicial personnel and their families, and indirectly violates the principled provisions of the Labor Law; thirdly, It leads to the divorce of judicial personnel from their spouses, and indirectly violates the civil right to freedom of marriage. Finally, the issue of avoiding the scope of the target needs to be refined. In terms of professional scope, there is no inclusion of grass-roots legal service workers. In the case of avoidance, only spouses and children are required to avoid, without including parents, siblings, wives, and son-in-law. In practice, they also face the loss of judicial talent resources. A series of social problems such as unemployment, false divorce, anonymous agency, etc. Through the study of this system, this paper makes a response and comments to the above disputes and problems. The conclusion is drawn that the system of judicial recusal in Shanghai should be carried out. Its implementation is conducive to promoting the reform of the judicial system, improving the credibility of the judiciary, safeguarding judicial justice and preventing judicial corruption. After the introduction of the dispute and the implementation of the problems still can not be ignored, we should make laws to establish the system, through the refinement of the avoidance situation to improve the system, At the same time, we should perfect the judicial supervision mechanism and strengthen the moral construction of judicial personnel, cooperate with the implementation of the system of judicial officers' withdrawal from office, and realize the ultimate goal of judicial justice.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926

【相似文献】