我国危险化学品管理制度实施问题与解决对策研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 19:17

本文选题：危险化学品　切入点：行政许可　出处：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：危险化学品作为化学品的重要组成之一,在人们生产、生活中承担着越来越重要的作用。但是,由于危险化学品具有易燃易爆、有毒有害、高腐蚀等化学特性,所以一旦发生安全事故,将造成巨大破坏和损失。因此,危险化学品的安全管理在全球已经成为重要的研究课题,美国、欧盟和日本从上世纪六七十年代就开始进行化学品安全管理立法,并形成了符合各自国情的危险化学品安全管理法律体系。国际社会也先后发布了《全球化学品统一分类和标签制度》、《关于在国际贸易中对某些危险化学品和农药采用事先知情同意程序的鹿特丹公约》等一系列协议和公约。鉴于此,我国也相继颁布了一系列涉及危险化学品安全管理的法律法规,例如2002年颁布实施的《中华人民共和国安全生产法》、2002年制定2011年修订的《危险化学品安全管理条例》等。在危险化学品安全管理方面,我国已经形成较为完善的法律体系。但是,近年来我国危险化学品安全事故依然频频发生,2016年8月12日天津瑞海公司发生的特大爆炸案,更是使得政府和社会公众意识到危险化学品安全管理在实际执行中依然存在着诸多问题,因此分析我国危险化学品安全管理制度实施过程中的不足,完善并切实落实我国危险化学品安全管理制度具有深远的理论和实践意义。本文共五章。第一章,笔者对我国现有的危险化学品安全管理的法律法规和相关制度进行了梳理,介绍了我国危险化学品管理制度的主要内容,并对危险化学品管理制度进行了评析;第二章,笔者对我国危险化学品管理制度实施中存在的问题进行了分析。该部分结合具体安全事故,探讨我国危险化学品管理制度实施中存在的诸多问题。主要从从业企业自身守法情况,行政执法监督情况,信息化建设情况,应急措施、事故问责等几个方面进行分析。第三章,笔者针对我国危险化学品管理制度实施中的种种问题,结合现有的危险化学品管理制度和实务,深入分析造成这些问题的可能原因。第四章,笔者分别对美国、欧盟、日本三个国家或地区的危险化学品安全管理制度进行了介绍,并从中寻找借鉴解决我国危险化学品安全管理制度实施中诸多问题的解决之道。第五章,笔者根据上述已有的问题和原因分析,借鉴国外的先进经验,结合我国已有的制度和具体国情,提出针对我国危险化学品管理制度实施的行之有效的完善对策。
[Abstract]:As an important component of chemicals, hazardous chemicals play a more and more important role in people's production and life. However, because of their flammable and explosive, toxic and harmful, high corrosion and other chemical characteristics, Therefore, once a safety accident occurs, it will cause great damage and loss. Therefore, the safe management of hazardous chemicals has become an important research topic in the world, the United States, The European Union and Japan have been implementing chemical safety management legislation since 0th century in the 1960s and 1970s. The international community has also issued the globally Harmonized system of Classification and labelling of Chemicals, on the issue of international trade of certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides, and formed a legal system for the safety management of hazardous chemicals in accordance with their respective national conditions, and the international community has successively issued the globally Harmonized system of Classification and labelling of Chemicals. A series of agreements and conventions, such as the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior informed consent procedure. China has also promulgated a series of laws and regulations concerning the safety management of hazardous chemicals. For example, the "Law of the people's Republic of China on Safety in production" promulgated in 2002 and the regulations on the Safety of Hazardous Chemicals amended on 2011 were formulated on 2002. China has already formed a relatively perfect legal system. However, in recent years, dangerous chemical safety accidents in China have occurred frequently. In August 12th 2016, a huge explosion occurred in Tianjin Ruihai Company. It also makes the government and the public realize that there are still many problems in the practical implementation of the safety management of hazardous chemicals. Therefore, it analyzes the deficiencies in the implementation of the safety management system of hazardous chemicals in China. It is of profound theoretical and practical significance to perfect and implement the safety management system of hazardous chemicals in our country. There are five chapters in this paper. In the first chapter, the author sorts out the existing laws and regulations of the safety management of hazardous chemicals in China. This paper introduces the main contents of the management system of hazardous chemicals in China, and evaluates the management system of hazardous chemicals. The author analyzes the problems existing in the implementation of hazardous chemicals management system in China. This paper discusses the problems existing in the implementation of the management system of hazardous chemicals in China, mainly from the following aspects: the enterprises themselves abide by the law, the administrative law enforcement supervision, the information construction, the emergency measures, Chapter three, aiming at the problems in the implementation of the management system of hazardous chemicals in China, combining the existing management system and practice of hazardous chemicals, In Chapter 4th, the author introduces the safety management systems of hazardous chemicals in three countries or regions, namely, the United States, the European Union and Japan. In chapter 5th, based on the analysis of the existing problems and reasons, the author draws lessons from the advanced experience of foreign countries, and finds a way to solve the problems in the implementation of the safety management system of hazardous chemicals in China. According to the existing system and specific conditions of our country, this paper puts forward some effective and perfect countermeasures for the implementation of the management system of hazardous chemicals in China.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.54

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