大学生兼职之法律问题探析

发布时间：2018-03-10 17:28

本文选题：大学生兼职　切入点：劳动者　出处：《华东政法大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国社会主义市场经济体制改革的不断深化，社会经济环境的改变，现今全日制高校学生或出于增加收入的目的，或出于扩展社会实践经验的目的，抑或出于消磨时光的目的，高校学生放下书本，开始越来越多地参与社会实践活动，加入到兼职打工的队伍中。但是当全日制高校学生在兼职打工作过程中，合法权益受到侵害，应当适用哪部法律对其进行救济，在我国理论界和实务界都存在比较大的争议，理论界对于该问题，分为完全适用劳动法、部分适用劳动法以及不适用劳动法三种观点。笔者通过分析国内专家的不同观点，认为基于我国目前的法律法规，兼职大学生与用人单位建立的不是劳动关系而是民事雇佣关系。在分析我国兼职大学生是否被纳入劳动法调整的时候，核心问题在于对“劳动者”资格的界定，进而确认是否建立劳动关系。笔者考察了国外对于“劳动者”概念的理论，分为由英美法系确立的“控制标准”和“经济现实标准”以及大陆法系国家普遍认可的“从属性”理论，包括“人身从属性”、“经济从属性”等。依据国外对于“劳动者”概念的界定，从应然性角度分析，我国兼职大学生应当具有劳动者主体资格，与用人单位建立劳动关系。但是我国现实立法规定与国外法学理论的冲突，，促使笔者再次探究其原因。首先我国刚性的用工体制，决定了劳动者适用劳动法之全套规定，而我国现行的劳动用工备案制度、劳动者社会保险制度、最低工资制度，都不适用于兼职大学生，其次迫于我国高校毕业生日益严峻的就业压力，国家倡导的职业见习制度，在暂时缓解高校毕业生就业压力的同时，将兼职大学生适用劳动法调整的可能性扼杀了。因为已经具备劳动者主体资格的毕业生被纳入就业范围后，却不受劳动法调整，无法依据最低工资标准领取劳动报酬，见习单位不为其缴纳法定社会保险等。因兼职大学生不受劳动法调整，但是作为社会弱势群体的兼职大学生在权益受到损害时，需要法律的倾斜保护。所以笔者建议，可以教育部为主，联合其他部委制定适用“兼职大学生”的管理方案。其中包括最高工时的限制、劳动保护、最低工资等内容。对于兼职大学生权益保障，还包括了校方、团委、学生会、工会等方面做出的贡献。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the reform of the socialist market economy system and the change of the social and economic environment, nowadays full-time college students are either for the purpose of increasing their income, or for the purpose of expanding their social practical experience. Or, for the purpose of killing time, college students put down their books and begin to participate more and more in social practice, joining the ranks of part-time workers. But when full-time college students work part-time, If the legitimate rights and interests are infringed, which law should be applied to remedy it, there is a great dispute in the theoretical and practical circles of our country. By analyzing the different views of domestic experts, the author thinks that based on the current laws and regulations of our country, Part-time college students establish not labor relations but civil employment relations with employers. When analyzing whether part-time college students in our country are included in the adjustment of labor law, the core problem lies in the definition of "laborer" qualification. And then confirm whether to establish labor relations. The author examines the theories of the concept of "laborer" in foreign countries. It is divided into "control standard" and "economic reality standard" established by common law system and "subordinate attribute" theory generally accepted by civil law system countries. According to the definition of "laborer" in foreign countries and from the angle of necessity, part-time college students in our country should have the qualification of laborer. Establishing labor relations with employers. However, the conflict between China's actual legislation and foreign legal theories has prompted the author to explore its reasons again. Firstly, the rigid employment system in our country determines the full set of labor laws applicable to workers. However, the current employment filing system, the social insurance system and the minimum wage system are not applicable to part-time college students. Secondly, they are forced by the increasingly severe employment pressure of college graduates in China, and the vocational probation system advocated by the state. While temporarily alleviating the employment pressure of college graduates, the possibility of applying the adjustment of labor laws to part-time students is stifled. Because graduates who already have the qualification of working as the main body are not subject to the adjustment of the labor law after being brought into the scope of employment. Unable to receive labor remuneration according to the minimum wage standard, the trainee units do not pay legal social insurance for them, etc. Because part-time college students are not subject to the adjustment of labor law, but part-time college students as a vulnerable group of society are harmed when their rights and interests are damaged, The author suggests that the Ministry of Education should take the lead and work together with other ministries to formulate a management plan for "part-time college students." this includes restrictions on maximum working hours and labor protection. Minimum wage and other content. For part-time college students' rights and interests, including the school, league committee, student union and other aspects of the contribution.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.5

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