劳动权的宪法解释研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 11:07

本文选题：劳动权　切入点：宪法解释　出处：《上海交通大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 我国宪法上有关劳动权的规定产生于计划经济年代,在当今市场经济体制不断完善、政治文明逐步演进的背景下,亟待根据现实的需要,本着保障人权的基本价值,对宪法中的相关条款进行重新解释。劳动权的宪法解释起着整合涉及劳动权的宪法文本、补充相关的宪法漏洞、保持有关宪法条款稳定性和适应性的功能。对劳动权的宪法解释还应当遵循一定的原则,在这其中,解释者应当受到制宪者意图的约束、宪法精神的约束、客观的历史进步方向的约束、解释规则的约束和解释者人格的自我约束。劳动权的宪法解释应当按照法律解释的一般要求和宪法解释的特有原则,从文本出发,由近及远,依次展开文义解释、历史解释、体系解释、目的解释。在个案中,应当注意各种价值的平衡,防止出现严重的不公正。经过解释,我们得出公民没有法律上的劳动义务,劳动权的内容包括:择业自由权、劳动基准权、社会保障权、就业保障权等个体权利和交涉权、谈判权、罢工权等集体权利。在这些权利中,宪法明确规定的有劳动基准权、社会保障权、就业保障权,而虽未明示但可补漏的是择业自由和集体劳动权。在个案中,我们应当注意劳动权与其他宪法权利以及国家权力之间的平衡。国家立法若要通过一种权利的牺牲以达到另外一种权利的保护,必须负有宪法上的举证责任。劳动平等权保护的要义在于不平等对待必须从具体的劳动对象和方式出发,避免出现同等条件,不同等对待。通过对劳动权的宪法解释,我们可以依照解释的结论完善相关立法的解释、促进违宪审查、把握修改和解释的界限。本文的主要创新:第一、目前学界在研究劳动权的时候,往往首先给其下定义,至于定义渊源于什么,却不为研究者所考虑,这种研究背离了构建一个宪政国家的基本前提,即以现行文本为依据。长此既往,既不有利于构建一个共同交流的理论平台,也不能指导宪法实践。本文力图摆脱这一思路,从宪法规范本身出发,综合运用各种解释手段,一方面保证基本价值序列的稳定,另一方面则最大程度地寻求个案正义的实现。第二、在当今宪法实践中,在学界最受争议的除了良性违宪莫过于政策性修宪,本文以为对之不要轻易地加以否定,而应当将这种现象放在我国社会转型的大背景下考察,最大程度地通过宪法解释将修宪带来的新价值注入既定条款中,最终达到一种“化腐朽为神奇”的效果。
[Abstract]:The constitution of China on labor rights provisions in the planned economy era, in today's market economy continues to improve, the political civilization under the background of gradual evolution, should be according to the actual needs, in line with the basic values of human rights, re interpretation of the relevant provisions of the constitution. The constitutional interpretation of labor rights plays a constitutional text integration to the right of labor, to supplement the relevant constitutional loopholes, maintain stability and adaptability on the terms of the constitution.
The constitutional interpretation of labor rights should also follow certain principles, in which the interpreter should be constrained by the intention of the constituent, the restraint of the constitution spirit, the restriction of the objective historical progress direction, the constrain of the interpretation rules and the self restriction of the interpreter's personality.
Shall be interpreted in accordance with the general requirements and specific principles of constitutional interpretation of law interpretation of the labor rights of the constitution, starting from the text, from the near to the distant, expand the semantic interpretation, historical interpretation, systematic interpretation, teleological interpretation. In the case, should pay attention to the balance of the various values, prevent serious injustice.
After we explain that citizens have no legal obligations of labor, labor rights include: right, labor rights, social security rights, security of employment rights and individual rights bargaining, bargaining rights, the right to strike and other collective rights. Among these rights, constitutional law clearly stipulates the right of labor standards and the right of social security, employment security right, but did not express but can trap is freedom of choice and collective labor rights. In this case, we should pay attention to labor rights and other constitutional rights and the balance between state power. The protection of national legislation to the right of a sacrifice to another kind of rights. We must bear the burden of proof on the constitution. The essence of equal labor right protection is not equal to from the specific working object and way of avoiding the same conditions, different treatment.
Through the interpretation of the constitution of labor rights, we can improve the interpretation of relevant legislation in accordance with the conclusions of the interpretation, promote the review of unconstitutional, and grasp the limits of the revision and interpretation.
The main innovation of this article: first, when the scholars in the study of labor rights, often the first to the definition, and the definition origin in what was considered, not for researchers, this study deviates from the basic premise to build a constitutional state, the current text as the basis. The long past, neither to establish a theoretical platform for a common exchange, also cannot guide the constitutional practice. This paper tries to get rid of this idea, from the Constitution itself, the integrated use of various means of interpretation, on the one hand to ensure the basic value of sequence stability, on the other hand, the greatest degree for the realization of justice cases. Second, in today's constitutional practice in the academic circles, the most controversial but benign unconstitutionality policy than of constitutional amendment, this thought of don't be negative, but this phenomenon should be put in the background of China's social transformation under investigation, the most To a large extent, the new value brought by the constitution is injected into the established provisions by the constitutional interpretation, and the effect of "decay into magic" is finally achieved.

【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D921;D922.5

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