中国环境诉讼制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 12:26

本文选题：环境诉讼 + 环境参与权　；参考：《中国地质大学(北京)》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：环境问题是人类发展所必须应对的课题，从最初的单纯依靠政府公权力，到后来人们意识到要想高效的缓解环境问题，需要借助公众参与的力量，，环境诉讼就在这股思辨热潮中应运而生了。中国的环境诉讼在立法上基本处于空白状态，但在司法实践中，许多地区正在进行大胆的创新，并且具有一定的成果。然而中国的环境诉讼制度如何构建，构建之路处在何方，向什么方向走是更好的选择正是本文将要探讨的问题。本文主要通过价值分析法、比较研究法和实证分析法进行研究，文章分为五个部分，第一部分是环境诉讼的概述，其中介绍了环境诉讼的内涵、特征和立法目的。本文认为环境诉讼隶属于公益诉讼，同时因为在诉讼请求、法律责任、诉讼主体资格方面显著区别于民事诉讼、行政诉讼、刑事诉讼，所以其应具有独立的诉讼地位。第二部分主要从实体上的环境权和程序上的环境诉权介绍了环境诉讼的理论基础。第三部分是国外环境诉讼制度的简介与比较研究，其中选取美国、印度作为英美法系的代表国家，德国、日本作为大陆法系的代表国家，比较研究了这四国的环境诉讼制度。通过比较研究可以看出这四国在环境诉讼制度中都注重保障公众的环境参与权，并且在程序方面都采取了向原告倾斜的保障性程序，但一些国家环境诉讼制度还面临着缺乏实体权利根基和诉讼效率低下等问题。第四部分介绍了我国环境诉讼的立法现状和司法实践。立法现状方面，我国有环境诉讼的法律条款多为倡导、宣言式“软法”，没有详细的具体规定和保障性条款。司法实践方面，一些地方法院正在开始积极探索环境专业化审判模式——环保法庭，但是却面临着受案量小的窘境。第五部分是本文的主体部分，包括应然的环境诉讼的运行机制构建和实然的推进路径两个方面。在应然的环境诉讼运行机制构建方面，应在保障环境权和环境诉权、坚持程序法治原则和以保护环境为根本宗旨的指导思想下进行研究。在实然的环境诉讼立法推进方面，可以先在环境影响评价公众参与中规定司法救济程序，以此来“试水”环境诉讼程序，等到理论研究和司法实践都成熟之际，可以再制定统一的环境诉讼法。司法推进方面，可以根据资源禀赋和环境纠纷发生概率的不同有选择的设立环保法庭，并通过专业培训来有效的开展环境诉讼专门化审判。
[Abstract]:The environmental problem is a subject that human development must deal with, from the simple reliance on the public power of the government at first, to the realization that people need the force of public participation to alleviate the environmental problem efficiently.Environmental litigation has come into being in this speculative craze.Environmental litigation in China is basically blank in legislation, but in judicial practice, many regions are carrying out bold innovation and have certain achievements.However, how to construct the environmental litigation system in China, where to build and what direction to take is a better choice.This article mainly through the value analysis method, the comparison research method and the demonstration analysis method carries on the research, the article is divided into five parts, the first part is the outline of the environmental lawsuit, which has introduced the environmental lawsuit connotation, the characteristic and the legislative purpose.This paper holds that environmental litigation belongs to public interest litigation, and it should have an independent litigation status because of its distinct differences from civil litigation, administrative litigation and criminal litigation in the aspects of litigation request, legal liability and subject qualification of litigation.The second part mainly introduces the theoretical basis of environmental litigation from substantive environmental rights and procedural environmental litigation rights.The third part is a brief introduction and comparative study of the environmental litigation system in foreign countries, in which the United States, India as the representative countries of the Anglo-American legal system, Germany and Japan as the representative countries of the continental law system, comparative study of the environmental litigation system of these four countries.Through the comparative study, we can see that these four countries pay attention to the protection of the public's right to participate in the environment in the environmental litigation system, and all have adopted the safeguard procedure in favor of the plaintiff in the procedural aspect.However, some national environmental litigation systems are faced with problems such as lack of substantive right foundation and inefficient litigation.The fourth part introduces the legislative status and judicial practice of environmental litigation in China.In the aspect of legislation, most of the legal provisions of environmental litigation in our country are advocated, and "soft law" of declaration type, there are no detailed specific provisions and indemnificatory provisions.In judicial practice, some local courts are actively exploring the environmental justice model-environmental courts, but are faced with a small number of cases.The fifth part is the main part of this paper, which includes two aspects: the construction of the operational mechanism and the actual path of environmental litigation.In the aspect of constructing the operating mechanism of environmental litigation, we should study it under the guiding ideology of protecting environmental rights and environmental litigation rights, adhering to the principle of procedural rule by law and taking the protection of the environment as the basic purpose.With regard to the promotion of environmental litigation legislation, the judicial relief procedure can be stipulated in the public participation in environmental impact assessment first, so as to "test water" environmental litigation procedure, and wait until the theoretical research and judicial practice are mature.A uniform environmental procedural law can be established again.In the aspect of judicial advancement, environmental courts can be set up selectively according to the resource endowment and the probability of environmental disputes, and the specialized trial of environmental litigation can be effectively carried out through professional training.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D925;D922.5

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