农民工的职业损害的原因及其对策浅析

发布时间：2018-04-22 21:39

本文选题：农民工 + 职业　；参考：《中国政法大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 西方国家工业化的发展历程表明,农村人口大规模流入城市是社会进步的趋势,城市人口的增长是工业化和城市化的前提和条件,适当的社会政策和立法是工业化和城市化的助推器。“工业化不仅改变了生产方式,而且改变了整个社会”。西方国家在工业化过程中,所采取的社会政策和社会立法,不仅在于解决社会经济问题,而且减少社会关系的紧张和矛盾;不仅保护工业化、城市化进程的推进,而且努力消除人们的生活困苦,不断缩小不同社会阶层之间的收入或财富的差别。现在,我们思考农民工劳动权利的保护,防止农民工职业损害的发生,是否也要制定适当的社会政策和社会立法,充分保护包括农民工在内的全体劳动者的权利,促进社会和谐。农民工是我国工业化、城市化进程中的产物,解决好农民工问题对我国的社会主义现代化建设至关重要,也是我们建设小康社会、实现现代化的必由之路。本文把农民工作为关注的对象和重点,仅从农民工的职业损害方面谈起,试作浅显分析。本文的内容是第一章介绍为什么要保护农民包括职业损害在内的劳动权利;不仅要知道为什么保护,还要清楚如何保护,第二章讨论了我国农民工职业损害的认定标准、概念和法理分析;第三章借鉴了国外劳工职业损害的补偿模式;第四章分析我国农民工职业损害的现存问题和法律现状;第五章农民工职业损害社会保险缺失的原因;第六章力求从现行立法中找到农民工职业损害的对策以及未来立法之建议。本文认为:应建立农民工和城市劳工一样的职业损害认定标准,农民工也应纳入城市劳工职业损害保护,加强对农民工的劳动保护,禁止对农民工的歧视,以消除我国农民工职业损害社会保险缺失的根源。农民工职业损害缺损的原因主要有:一是市场经济初期阶段,“效率优先”发展的社会经济政策和企业片面追求经济利润的结果:二是劳动保护的法律法规不健全,存在法律空白,农民工劳动权利保护不力;三是社会认识不足,对农民工进城务工存在就业歧视,有意或者无意不为农民工交纳社会保险。解决农民工职业损害缺失的具体对策:首先,构建“公平正义”的和谐发展观,取而代之“效率优先”的社会经济目标;二是健全劳动法律法规,加大企业违法侵犯农民工劳动权益的违法成本,加强对农民工的劳动权利的保护;三是提高认识,消除对农民工的就业歧视,实现公平就业。最后我国未来建立的农民工的职业损害标准,应以补充模式为主(补充模式就是在工伤补偿之外加上侵权赔偿和工伤补偿的差额部分),以相加模式为例外(相加模式就是在用人单位以外的第三者故意或重大过失侵权的情形下,以工伤补偿加上侵权赔偿二者之和作为范围)的主张。
[Abstract]:The development of industrialization in western countries shows that the large-scale inflow of rural population into cities is the trend of social progress, and the growth of urban population is the precondition and condition of industrialization and urbanization. Appropriate social policies and legislation are the boosters of industrialization and urbanization. Industrialization not only changed the mode of production, but also the whole society. In the process of industrialization, the social policies and legislation adopted by the western countries are not only to solve the social and economic problems, but also to reduce the tension and contradiction of social relations, not only to protect the industrialization, but also to promote the process of urbanization. And try to eliminate the hardship of people and reduce the income or wealth difference between different social classes. Now, we are thinking about the protection of migrant workers' labor rights and preventing the occurrence of occupational damage to migrant workers. Should we also formulate appropriate social policies and social legislation to fully protect the rights of all workers, including migrant workers, Promote social harmony. Migrant workers are the product of industrialization and urbanization in our country. It is very important to solve the problems of migrant workers in China's socialist modernization construction. It is also the only way for us to build a well-off society and realize modernization. In this paper, migrant workers as the object and focus of attention, only starting from the occupational damage of migrant workers, try to make a simple analysis. The content of this paper is the first chapter to introduce why to protect the labor rights of farmers, including occupational damage, not only to know why to protect, but also to know how to protect. The second chapter discusses the identification standards of migrant workers' occupational damage in our country. The third chapter draws lessons from the compensation model of foreign workers' occupational injury; the fourth chapter analyzes the existing problems and legal status of migrant workers' occupational damage in China; the fifth chapter analyzes the reasons for the lack of social insurance for migrant workers' occupational damage. The sixth chapter tries to find out the countermeasures and suggestions of future legislation from the current legislation. In this paper, the author thinks that the standard of occupational damage should be established for migrant workers and urban workers, and that migrant workers should also be included in the protection of urban workers' occupational damage, strengthen the labor protection of migrant workers, and prohibit discrimination against migrant workers. In order to eliminate the root causes of the loss of social insurance for migrant workers' occupational damage. The main reasons for the occupational damage of migrant workers are as follows: first, in the initial stage of the market economy, the result of the "efficiency first" development of social and economic policies and the one-sided pursuit of economic profits by enterprises; second, the imperfect laws and regulations of labor protection. There are gaps in the law, the protection of migrant workers' labor rights is weak; third, the lack of social understanding, there is employment discrimination against migrant workers in cities, intentionally or unintentionally do not pay social insurance for migrant workers. The specific countermeasures to solve the problem of occupational damage of migrant workers are as follows: first, to build a harmonious concept of development of "fairness and justice", and to replace the social and economic goal of "efficiency first"; second, to perfect the labor laws and regulations, Increase the illegal cost of infringing the labor rights and interests of migrant workers, strengthen the protection of migrant workers' labor rights; third, raise awareness, eliminate employment discrimination against migrant workers, and achieve fair employment. Finally, the occupational damage standards for migrant workers established in the future in China, Should be based on the supplementary mode (the supplementary mode is to add the difference between tort compensation and industrial injury compensation in addition to the compensation for industrial injury, with the exception of the additive model, which means that the third party outside the employer intentionally or materially.) In the case of negligent infringement, To work injury compensation plus tort compensation as the sum of the two as the scope).
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D922.5

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