我国农民工就业权问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 08:27

本文选题：农民工 + 就业歧视　；参考：《贵州大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 自上世纪80年代始,随着改革开放的深入和工业化城市化进程的加快,大量农村剩余劳动力进城务工,他们的户籍身份是农民,却从事着非农劳动,并以此为主要生活来源,这就形成了我国社会的一个特殊群体——城市农民工。农民工在各行各业中用辛勤的劳动为社会主义现代化建设作出了巨大的贡献,而作为劳动者和建设者的农民工,其自身的权益却缺乏应有保障,各种侵害农民工权益现象十分严重,不仅损害了农民工的利益,也带来了一系列严重的社会问题。如何保护农民工的权益,实现社会公平,构建和谐社会,已成为中国社会所普遍关注的话题。基于这样一种状况,本文对有关农民工平等就业权及其保障问题进行了一番探析,并分成四个部分作了论述。第一部分是关于农民工概述。农民工是我国经济社会转型时期的特殊概念,是指户籍身份还是农民、有承包土地,但主要从事非农产业、以工资为主要收入来源的人员。作为一个特殊的劳动者群体,“农民”是这一群体的身份标志；“非农产业”是这一群体的职业标志。从这一群体的身份及职业标志来看,他们实际上是介于城乡之间的非农非城的边缘群体。伴随着一个国家的工业化进程及农村劳动生产率水平的提高,农民从农业转向非农产业,从农村转向城市是各国经济发展中的一种共同趋势,但是由于我国体制转型与社会结构转型没有同步进行,农业过剩劳动力向非农产业转移采取的是“农民工”这样一种特殊的形式。第二部分是关于农民工平等就业权的内涵解析及其保护现状。首先,本文将平等就业权界定为一个权利束,包含有平等的就业机会与其他相关的就业权利,对于相关就业权利本文主要论述的是平等就业权、劳动报酬权和社会保障权。而后,本文认为,农民工平等就业权在有着一般平等就业权本质的同时,由于其特殊权利主体即农民工而显现出了特殊性。他们的户籍身份还是农民,但却跨地区外出从事非农产业并以工资为主要收入来源,社会身份与职业的分离,使他们成为不同于城市居民也不同于农村居民的第三元社会群体,因此其平等就业权显示出了不同的特性和保障需求。依照前部分界定的农民工平等就业权的内涵,分别论述了农民工在平等就业机会、劳动报酬权和社会保障权等方面的实现中遭受的就业歧视。农民工没有获得与城市居民平等的就业机会,其工资长期处于较低水平且经常遭到拖欠,极低的参保率和职业培训比例等等,都说明了农民工平等就业权普遍受到严重损害的现状。第三部分从立法、行政执法和司法三个方面分析了对农民工平等就业权进行保护的困境。包括立法缺位及规定不完善、劳动执法不力、司法上缺乏专门的法律援助机构等方面。同时对各国保护劳工就业权的立法情况着一考察,“取其所长补己之短”,借鉴各国的有效经验和优秀做法。在进行法律审思的过程中,笔者发现我国法律法规对于农民工在就业权方面的保护上还存在着严重的盲区,这就为第四部分展开提供了一个研究空间。第四部分是前三部分论述的落脚点所在,是本文最为重要的一个部分,探讨的是农民工平等就业权的法律保障问题。针对上文所述农民工平等就业权受损的现状以及该现状的成因,提出了几点制度构想。一是建立反就业歧视制度。首先是从立法上完善我国在保护农民工就业权益上的措施,为保障农民工的平等就业权提供法律上的有力依据。其次,完善有关劳动法律法规也是十分重要的,《劳动法》规定的修改完善以及《反就业歧视法》等具体的可操作的法律法规的尽快出台都是建立反就业歧视制度的重要部分,可以对农民工平等就业权作出强有力的保障。二是加强劳动执法力度,保证农民工的基本就业权利得到落实。三是逐步推进户籍制度改革,消除农民工的身份标签,还原其平等的社会主体地位。四是完善农民工就业权保障的相关法律责任制度,加强行政责任和刑事责任。五是畅通保护农民工就业权的救济机制。改革现行程序立法,提升司法效率与执行强度,健全司法救助制度,为农民工提供行之有效的保障途径。
[Abstract]:Since the 80s of the last century, with the deepening of reform and opening up and the accelerated process of industrialization and urbanization, a large number of rural surplus labor force to work in the city, their household registration status is farmers, but they are engaged in non-agricultural labor, and take this as the main source of life, which has formed a special group of Chinese Society - urban migrant workers. The hard work of all walks of life has made great contributions to the construction of socialist modernization. As a laborer and builder, the rights and interests of the migrant workers are not guaranteed. The rights and interests of all kinds of migrant workers are very serious, which not only damages the benefits of migrant workers, but also brings a series of serious social problems. How to protect the rights and interests of migrant workers, achieve social equity and build a harmonious society has become a topic of common concern in Chinese society.
Based on such a situation, this paper makes an analysis of the equal employment right of migrant workers and its protection, and discusses it in four parts.
The first part is about the overview of migrant workers. Migrant workers are the special concepts in the period of economic and social transformation in China. It refers to the household registration status or the farmers, the contracted land, but mainly engaged in non-agricultural industries, with wages as the main source of income. As a special worker group, "farmers" is the identity symbol of this group. Agricultural industry is the professional symbol of this group. From the identity and professional marks of this group, they are in fact a marginal group of non-agricultural non cities between urban and rural areas. With the industrialization process of a country and the improvement of the productivity level of rural labor, farmers turn from agriculture to non-agricultural industries and from rural to cities. There is a common trend in economic development, but due to the lack of synchronization between China's institutional transformation and social structure transformation, the transfer of surplus agricultural labor to non-agricultural industries is a special form of "migrant workers".
The second part is about the connotation analysis and protection status of equal employment rights of migrant workers. First, this article defines equal employment right as a right bundle, including equal employment opportunities and other related employment rights. The article mainly deals with the equal employment right, labor remuneration right and social security right for the relevant employment rights. After that, the author believes that the equal employment rights of migrant workers have the nature of the equal right to employment, while the special rights subject, namely the migrant workers, show the particularity. Their household registration status is still a farmer, but they go out in the non-agricultural industry and take the salary as the main income source across the region, and the separation of social identity and occupation makes them separate. As the third yuan social group different from the urban residents and the rural residents, the right to equal employment shows different characteristics and security needs. According to the connotation of equal employment rights of migrant workers defined in the previous part, the realization of equal employment opportunities, labor remuneration rights and social security rights of migrant workers is discussed respectively. The employment discrimination in which the migrant workers are not equal to the urban residents, their wages are at a low level and often are in arrears, the very low participation rate and the proportion of vocational training, all of which indicate the situation of serious damage to the equal employment rights of migrant workers.
The third part analyzes the plight of protecting the equal employment rights of migrant workers from three aspects of legislation, administrative law enforcement and judicature, including the absence of legislation and the imperfect regulations, poor labor enforcement and the lack of special legal aid institutions in the judiciary. In the process of legal thinking, the author found that there is still a serious blind area for the protection of migrant workers in the right to employment in the process of legal thinking, which provides a research space for the fourth part.
The fourth part is the foothold of the first three parts, which is the most important part of this article. It discusses the legal protection of the equal employment rights of migrant workers. In the light of the status of the damage to the equal employment right of migrant workers and the causes of the present situation, the author puts forward some ideas of the system. First, to establish a system of anti employment discrimination. It is to improve our country's measures to protect the employment rights of migrant workers from legislation, and provide a powerful legal basis for guaranteeing the equal employment rights of migrant workers. Secondly, it is also very important to improve the relevant labor laws and regulations, the amendment and improvement of the labor law, as well as the specific and operable laws and regulations of "anti employment disambiguation" and so on as soon as possible. The introduction of the system is an important part of the establishment of the anti employment discrimination system, which can make a strong guarantee for the equal employment rights of migrant workers. Two is to strengthen labor enforcement and ensure the implementation of the basic employment rights of migrant workers. Three is to gradually promote the reform of the household registration system, eliminate migrant workers' identity labels, and restore their equal social status. The four is to improve the relevant legal responsibility system for the employment rights of migrant workers, strengthen the administrative responsibility and criminal responsibility. Five is the relief mechanism to protect the employment rights of migrant workers. Reform the current procedural legislation, improve the judicial efficiency and execution intensity, improve the judicial assistance system, and provide effective means of guarantee for migrant workers.
【学位授予单位】：贵州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.5

【引证文献】