劳动者违反竞业禁止协议法律适用问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-17 19:03

【摘要】：为避免因劳动者离职而损害企业的竞争利益,用人单位大多会在劳动合同中增加竞业禁止条款,以此来保护企业的商业秘密,在一定意义上可以说竞业禁止制度是企业保护商业秘密的一种重要手段。不过,随着我国经济的进一步发展及国民法律意识的觉醒与提升,围绕竞业协议的效力、履行和违约责任承担,实践中发生了大量纠纷。本文重点探讨司法实务中所面临的竞业补偿金条款争议,包括三个方面,即未约定竞业补偿金条款对合同效力的影响,约定的竞业补偿金条款在给付标准、方式和时间上不符合法律规定时对合同效力的影响,以及约定的竞业补偿金条款不履行时的法律后果。通过对立法规范、司法实务标准、理论研究以及域外经验的分析,指出只有有效辨识纠纷背后的劳动者就业权和企业商业秘密权之间的价值冲突和平衡,才能妥善解决这类争议,提出如下三个观点:第一,是否约定竞业禁止补偿金条款不影响该竞业协议的整体效力;第二,竞业协议约定的经济补偿金金额标准、支付方式违反强制性法律规定,或企业未实际依法支付补偿金不影响该竞业协议整体效力;第三,单位未依法履行支付补偿金义务不能成为离职员工的抗辩理由。用人单位与劳动者的关系平衡决定了竞业协议司法处理上的特殊性,体现出不同于一般合同处理的特点。对竞业补偿金纠纷中竞业协议效力的研究,既有利于减少司法实践中该类纠纷同案不同判的不合理现象,也有利于理清深化理论界对竞业协议效力认定标准。本文第一部分概括介绍三个关于违反竞业协议纠纷的三个案例案情及判决情况,同时归纳并总结出其中的争议焦点。本文第二部分主要是通过以上案件的争议焦点所引出的法理分析,主要对竞业禁止制度的概况介绍、竞业禁止制度的现状分析以及竞业禁止补偿金对竞业禁止纠纷处理的影响等几个方面进行分析。本文第三部分主要为由以上案例及相关法理分析引导出的启示及结论,主要提出我国应逐步完善竞业禁止制度,同时更加注重企业商业秘密保护与劳动者就业权保障之间的利益平衡。
[Abstract]:In order to avoid the competitive interests of the enterprise because of the workers' turnover, most employers will increase the prohibition clause in the labor contract so as to protect the business secret of the enterprise. In a sense, it can be said that the prohibition of business competition is an important part of the business protection of business secrets. The awakening and promotion of national legal consciousness, around the effectiveness of the competition agreement, performance and liability for breach of contract, there have been a lot of disputes in practice. This paper focuses on the dispute of the compensation clause in the judicial practice, including three aspects, that is, the effect of the non competition compensation clause on the validity of the contract and the agreed competition compensation. The terms and conditions are not in conformity with the legal provisions on the effect of the contract on the validity of the contract and the legal consequences of the non performance of the contractual compensation clause. Through the analysis of the legislative norms, the judicial practice standard, the theoretical study and the extraterritorial experience, it is pointed out that the workers' right to employment and the enterprise behind the dispute can be identified effectively. The value conflict and balance between business secret rights can solve such disputes properly. Three points of view are put forward as follows: first, whether the terms of the prohibition of competition compensation do not affect the overall effectiveness of the competition agreement; second, the amount of economic compensation stipulated in the competition agreement is subject to the standard, the payment method is contrary to the mandatory law, or the enterprise is not. The actual payment of compensation in accordance with the law does not affect the overall effectiveness of the competition agreement; third, the failure of the unit to perform the payment of compensation in accordance with the law can not be the reason for the demur of the employee. The balance of the relationship between the employer and the worker determines the particularity of the judicial treatment of the competition agreement, which is different from the characteristics of the general contract treatment. The study of the validity of the competition agreement in the dispute settlement is beneficial to reducing the unreasonable phenomena of the different cases of the same case in the judicial practice, and also helping to clarify the standard of determining the validity of the competition agreement in the deepening of the theoretical circles. The first part of this article briefly introduces three cases and verdicts about the three cases of violating the dispute of the competition agreement. The second part of this paper is mainly the legal analysis derived from the focus of the disputes over the above cases, mainly on the introduction of the competition prohibition system, the analysis of the status of the prohibition of competition and the impact of the prohibition of competition on the treatment of the dispute over competition. The third part is mainly the inspiration and conclusion which is guided by the above cases and the relevant legal analysis. It is mainly proposed that China should gradually improve the system of competition prohibition, and pay more attention to the balance of interests between the protection of business secret and the protection of the workers' right to employment.
【学位授予单位】：贵州民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.5

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