合同解除之损害赔偿研究

发布时间：2018-01-18 01:06

本文关键词：合同解除之损害赔偿研究　出处：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：合同解除制度是民事领域一项很重要的制度,合同解除的法律效果在理论研究和司法实践中,一直存在争议,各国立法和实务操作不尽相同,甚至在一国内部学者们也各执一端。我国法律只规定,在解除合同之后,还没有履行的义务无需继续履行,不过针对履行完毕的合同义务效力如何并没有规定,虽然明确了合同解除的同时,可以请求损害赔偿,但是解除了之后,损害赔偿性质究竟怎么样、赔偿的具体范围如何,合同解除之损害赔偿请求与是否具有溯及力的问题,还有损害赔偿和恢复原状的关系或界限如何,都没有规定,而且学术界也观点不一,如此状态给司法操作带来很大的困难。理论上,合同解除效果的学说有很多,到底采取哪一种学说,还是要慎重的,与其在立法上苦思冥想采什么学说,还不如把选择的权利交给合同解除的当事人,他们对合同的利益和风险最有发言权,法律仅需要对合同当事人之选择权进行适当限制,以充分尊重他们的自由意志,能够更有利于合同解除之损害赔偿展现其很好的功能。本文总共分为五部分:第一部分是前言;第二部分探讨了合同解除和损害赔偿的并存与否,还有损害赔偿的性质和损害赔偿若成立需要满足哪些条件;第三部分主要从有无溯及力和不同的解除原因视角,重构合同解除的损害赔偿的范围;第四部分论述了因违约行为而解除合同之后,损害赔偿与违约金二者之间可否并存的问题;第五部分是本文的研究结论。第一部分是前言,引出主题,并简要介绍了选题的理论和实践意义。第二部分论证了合同解除之后,合同解除与损害赔偿二者是能够并存的,造成的损害赔偿的性质,需要根据解除原因的差异进行类型化研究;合同解除之后的损害赔偿请求权,需要满足四个构成要件才能成立,即解除的事由、损害、因果关系、无免责事由。第三部分是我这一篇论文所重点论述的部分节,着重研究了在合同解除之后,造成的损害赔偿的具体范围。这一部分明确了恢复原状和损害赔偿范围二者之界限;从解除有无溯及力和解除原因这两个视角,重构了损害赔偿的具体范围,详细分析了溯及力问题将会对损害赔偿的范围产生怎样的影响,以及相异的解除原因视角下,损害赔偿范围怎样进行明确等相关问题。第四部分研究因违约而解除合同之损害赔偿与违约金的关系,我国法律没有规定,而司法解释上和司法实践中的态度并不一致,论文认为,针对此议题,需要区分主张合同解除是否有溯及力等其他情形来分别确定。第五部分是本文的研究结论。
[Abstract]:Contract rescission system is a very important system in the civil field. The legal effect of contract rescission has been controversial in the theoretical research and judicial practice. The legislation and practice of different countries are different. Even in a country scholars also hold one end. The law of our country only stipulates that after the termination of the contract there is no need to continue to perform the obligations that have not been performed but there is no provision on the effectiveness of the contractual obligations after the completion of performance. Although it is clear that the contract can be terminated at the same time, can request damages, but after the lifting, what is the nature of the damage compensation and the specific scope of compensation. There is no provision on the relationship or boundary between the claim for damages and whether it has retroactive effect, and the relationship or boundary between compensation for damages and restitution, and there are different views in academic circles. In theory, there are many theories about the effect of the termination of contract, which theory should be taken carefully, and what theory should be carefully studied in legislation. It is better to give the right of choice to the parties who have the best say in the interests and risks of the contract, and the law only needs to restrict the right of the parties to the contract. In order to fully respect their free will, can be more conducive to the termination of the contract damages to show its good function. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the preface; The second part discusses the coexistence of contract termination and damage compensation, as well as the nature of damage compensation and what conditions should be satisfied if the damage compensation is established; The third part reconstructs the scope of damages from the perspective of retroactive effect and different reasons. Part 4th discusses whether damages and liquidated damages can coexist after the termination of the contract because of breach of contract. Part 5th is the conclusion of this paper. The first part is the preface, leading to the theme, and briefly introduces the theoretical and practical significance of the topic. The second part demonstrates the termination of the contract. The contract rescission and the damage compensation can coexist, and the nature of the damage compensation should be classified according to the difference of the reason of the cancellation. After the termination of the contract, the right of claim for damages needs to meet four elements, namely, the cause of dissolution, damage, causality. There is no reason for exemption. The third part is the part of my thesis which focuses on the study after the termination of the contract. The specific scope of compensation for damages caused. This part clarifies the boundary between restitution and the scope of compensation for damage; This paper reconstructs the specific scope of compensation for damages from the perspective of retroactive effect of relief and causes of release, and analyzes in detail how the retroactive effect will affect the scope of compensation for damages. As well as the perspective of different release reasons, how to clear the scope of damage compensation. Part 4th studies the relationship between damages and liquidated damages due to breach of contract, which is not stipulated in Chinese law. But the judicial interpretation and the judicial practice in the attitude is not consistent, the paper thinks, in view of this topic. It is necessary to distinguish whether there is retroactive effect of contract termination or not. Part 5th is the conclusion of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.6

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