地役权若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 16:47

本文选题：地役权　切入点：人役权　出处：《新疆师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：地役权是一项历史悠久的物权制度,起源于古罗马时期,它依附于所有权,它的出现,为后来出现的各种他物权奠定了基础。在很长一段时期内,地役权是唯一存在的他物权形式。地役权在整个用益物权体系中,有着极其重要的位置,其适用领域既独特又广泛,对用益物权的发展与演变起着推动性的作用。但随着地上权、永佃权等权利的先后出现与发展,地役权的作用与刚出现时相比越来越小,其地位大不如从前,降为一种平凡的他物权,与其他用益物权并驾齐驱。然而地役权具有相当大程度上的意思自治范围,可填补土地、建筑等法律法规在实践环节与操作中的遗漏与争议,调整相邻关系,促进环境保护和规范竞争秩序,以及最大力度地合理利用土地资源等。我国《物权法》于2007年3月16日颁布,并以14个法律条文对地役权的定义、地役权的设立、地役权的期限、地役权的转让、地役权的解除消灭作出了简约的规定。地役权在《物权法》中的明确规定,在我国立法历史上具有极其重要的里程碑意义,由此可见,现代社会经济发展十分离不开地役权的有力支持。本文围绕地役权这一主题,运用比较分析、案例研究、历史分析等方法,从地役权的概念着手,对地役权的起源、特征、种类等基本问题进行梳理辨析与探讨,并结合对国内外相关立法制度的比较分析与反思,提出完善建议。正文分为四个部分。第一部分,地役权的概述。本部分对地役权的定义、特征入手,对地役权的基础性概念作了初步的介绍。接着追溯至古罗马时期即地役权产生的时期,介绍了地役权产生的历史背景与社会形态,以及其从古至今的演变与发展,并例举了各国立法上的分类与我国理论界的分类。第二部分,地役权与其他相关权利的联系与比较。本部分将地役权分别与所有权、人役权、相邻关系在本质与特征方面进行了对比,既有相似之处也有许多不同,并从中总结归纳,论证我国地役权制度存在的重要意义与价值。第三部分,我国地役权的现行立法及存在的问题。本部分主要介绍了我国地役权的现行立法,包括地役权的取得与地役权登记;同时也提出了地役权制度存在的问题与不足,包括地役权主体范围过小、内容过于简单,以及登记过程中的缺陷等问题。第四部分,关于完善我国地役权制度的若干建议。本部分主要对上部分存在的问题提出建议与对策,首先是扩大地役权主体的范围、丰富地役权内容,其次是明确地役权登记的机关、对地役权内容进行分类,再次增设地役权人的物上请求权,综上来完善地役权,以求适应社会的需求。
[Abstract]:Easement is a system of real right with a long history, which originated in the ancient Roman period and attached to ownership. Its appearance laid the foundation for various kinds of other property rights that appeared later. Easement is the only form of other real right in existence. Easement plays an extremely important role in the whole system of usufruct, and its application field is unique and extensive. But with the emergence and development of the rights such as aboveground right, permanent tenancy right and so on, the function of easement is becoming smaller and smaller than when it first appeared, and its status is not as good as before. The easement, however, has a considerable degree of autonomy of will, which can fill the omission and dispute in practice and operation of laws and regulations, such as land, construction, etc. Adjusting the neighboring relations, promoting the environmental protection and standardizing the competitive order, and making the most efforts to make rational use of the land resources, etc. Our country's Real right Law was promulgated in March 16th 2007, and the easement is defined by 14 legal articles. The establishment of easement, the duration of easement, the transfer of easement and the cancellation of easement have made a simple stipulation. The explicit stipulation of easement in the "property Law" has very important milestone significance in the legislative history of our country. It can be seen that modern social and economic development is inseparable from the strong support of easement. This paper focuses on the theme of easement, using comparative analysis, case study, historical analysis and other methods, starting from the concept of easement, the origin of easement. Characteristics, categories and other basic issues are combed and analyzed, and combined with the comparative analysis and reflection of the relevant legislative systems at home and abroad, some suggestions are put forward. The text is divided into four parts. The first part, This part begins with the definition and characteristics of easement, and makes a preliminary introduction to the basic concept of easement. This paper introduces the historical background and social formation of easement, its evolution and development from ancient to present, and gives examples of the classification in legislation of various countries and in the theoretical circle of our country. This part compares easement with ownership, personal servitude and adjacent relationship in essence and characteristics. The third part, the current legislation and problems of easement in China. This part mainly introduces the current legislation of easement in our country, including the acquisition and registration of easements. At the same time, it also puts forward the problems and shortcomings of easement system, including the scope of easement is too small, the content is too simple, and the defects in the registration process. Part 4th, Some suggestions on perfecting the easement system of our country. This part mainly puts forward suggestions and countermeasures to the problems existing in the above part. Firstly, it expands the scope of the subject of easement, enriches the content of easement, and then clarifies the organ of easement registration. The content of easement is classified and the right of the easement is added again to improve the easement in order to meet the needs of the society.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.2

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