侵权按份责任诉讼形态研究——以《侵权责任法》第12条的司法适用为中心

发布时间：2018-03-07 03:12

本文选题：侵权按份责任　切入点：诉讼形态　出处：《现代法学》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：侵权按份责任具有"内外关系上的按份性",是其与连带责任、不真正连带责任、补充责任的重要区别。在诉讼形态的选择上,针对"内外关系上的按份性",有适用必要共同诉讼与普通共同诉讼两种对立的观点。案例分析表明,实践中对待侵权按份责任所适用诉讼形态亦呈现出多样化、任意化的特点,未形成统一做法。其原因包括我国缺少将债与诉讼形态相联系这一大陆法系的基本方式,且我国民事程序法的诉讼形态规定过于粗疏而缺乏可操作性。应采取特殊化、具体化的解释路径解决此问题,允许权利人起诉全部或部分按份责任人承担责任。基于纠纷的一次性解决和权利实现的可能性,撤回部分起诉应受到时间和具体理由的限制。在权利人部分起诉时,基于查明事实和保障其他侵权人利益的目的,其他侵权人可以无独立请求权第三人的身份加入诉讼。在存在未知名侵权人时,适用单独诉讼,直接对此作出裁判。
[Abstract]:The tort liability is the important difference between it and the joint liability, not true joint liability, supplementary liability. In the choice of litigation form, the tort liability has the "pratice of internal and external relations", which is the important difference between the tort liability and the joint and several liability, not true joint and several liability. In view of the "proportionality of internal and external relations", there are two opposing points of view: necessary joint action and common joint action. The case analysis shows that the litigation forms applicable to tort liability in practice also show the characteristics of diversification and arbitrariness. The reasons include the lack of the basic way of linking the debt with the litigation form in our country, and the lack of maneuverability in the form of litigation in the civil procedure law of our country. The specific interpretation path resolves this problem, allowing the obligee to sue in whole or in part for the liability of the person responsible for the dispute. The possibility of a one-time settlement based on the dispute and the realization of the right, The withdrawal of a partial prosecution shall be limited by time and specific reasons... in the case of partial prosecution by the obligee, the purpose is to establish the facts and safeguard the interests of the other infringers, Other infringers may join the action without the status of the third party of the independent right of claim.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金“迈向制度理性的民事程序研究”(14CFX028) 中国人民大学科研基金研究品牌计划(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)“民事纠纷的多元化解决机制研究”(10XNI033)
【分类号】：D923

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