水资源用益物权研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 07:48

本文选题：水资源　切入点：用益物权　出处：《新疆师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文对我国水资源用益物权制度的健全进行了比较深入的研究。20世纪中叶以前,人类将水资源视为同其他自然资源一样,可以随时无限制使用的再生自然资源,他们对水资源的缺失没有任何的担忧。目前我国将水资源作为独立的权利客体从土地中分离出来并属于国家所有,虽然这一规定有利于保护和统一管理水资源,但我国没有建成完整的水资源用益物权制度,不仅无法满足用水户的需求,而且发挥不了水资源的最大价值。我国实施的《中华人民共和国水法》不适应市场经济发展的要求,并且由于我国的水资源时空分布不均,有些地区水资源严重短缺而无法市场配置的规则来满足用水户的需求,还有一些具有丰富水资源的地区存在利用方式的粗暴导致了有限的水资源白白流走。水资源所有权属于国家的概念是已经被我国现行有关水权的法律法规中明确规定的。虽然我国水资源所有权属于国家,但各级政府在实践中代表国家行使水资源所有权,同时,水资源费也是由各级地方政府征收,不纳入中央财政收入。换句话说,各级政府成了水资源的所有者。其实,实践中国家失去对水资源所有权,也保证不了用水户满足用水的需求,最后导致对水资源所有和使用之间的冲突。那如何解决这种冲突呢?目前我国解决此冲突的法律途径还是不通顺。本文中主要提倡对水资源的所有权不变的基础上,通过在水资源所有权之上设置水资源用益物权而达到用水户通过给国家缴水资源费而得到对水资源的使用权和收益权的目的,并且通过在有关法律法规中明确水资源用益物权的位置将水资源提升到商品层面而实现水权交易市场的形成,最终达到有效利用水资源和环保的目的。
[Abstract]:Before the middle of the 20th century, human beings regarded water resources as renewable natural resources, like other natural resources, which can be used without restriction at any time. They have no concerns about the lack of water resources. At present, our country has separated water resources from the land as an independent right object and belongs to the state, although this provision is conducive to the protection and unified management of water resources. However, without a complete system of usufruct of water resources in China, it is not only unable to meet the needs of water users, but also unable to give full play to the maximum value of water resources. The implementation of the Water Law of the people's Republic of China does not meet the requirements of the development of the market economy. Moreover, due to the uneven distribution of water resources in time and space in China, some areas are seriously short of water resources and cannot meet the needs of water users by the rules of market allocation. There are also some areas rich in water resources where the rough use of the way led to the flow of limited water resources. The concept of ownership of water resources belongs to the state is already clear by the current laws and regulations on water rights in China. Although the ownership of water resources in our country belongs to the state, However, in practice, governments at all levels exercise ownership of water resources on behalf of the state. At the same time, water resources fees are collected by local governments at all levels and are not included in central fiscal revenue. In other words, governments at all levels become owners of water resources. In practice, countries lose ownership of water resources, do not guarantee that water users meet their water needs, and ultimately lead to conflicts between ownership and use of water resources. How can such conflicts be resolved? At present, the legal means to resolve this conflict in China is still not smooth. In this paper, we mainly advocate that the ownership of water resources remain unchanged. By setting up the usufruct of water resources on the basis of the ownership of water resources, water users can obtain the right to use and benefit water resources by paying water resources fees to the state. And by clarifying the position of usufruct of water resources in the relevant laws and regulations to promote water resources to commodity level to realize the formation of water rights trading market and finally to achieve the purpose of effective use of water resources and environmental protection.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.2

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