保证人追偿权的预先行使研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 18:27

本文选题：保证人追偿权　切入点：预先行使　出处：《南京大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：保证,是以人的信用为基础来保证债权实现的一种担保方式,它以保证合同这种附属于主合同的从合同形式来保障债权的实现。在市场经济不断发展的过程中,保证制度起着重要的作用。但由于保证合同具有单务性和无偿性的特点,保证人负有较多的义务,却享有较少的权利。保证人为债务人的债务保证,风险高、义务重、权益少,在市场经济活动中,经常会有债务人信用不佳、逃避债务的情况发生,还有债务人自身经营状况恶化也是商业经营中经常出现的,因而保证人权益得不到保障的事件就会频繁发生,长此以往,保证将会失去其应有的作用。要保障保证人的权益,尤其应考虑完善保证人对主债务人享有的权利,因为债务人时最终承担责任的人。在这里保证人对债务人的追偿权是核心,而如何保障保证人的追偿权则是重中之重,保证人追偿权的预先行使便是其中对保证人权益强有力的保障的一项重要制度。本文将要探讨的就是如何完善保证人追偿权预先行使制度。本文包括以下六个部分：第一部分“保证人追偿权的预先行使：概述”。本部分通过对保证人追偿权的预先行使的基本内涵与合理性,有关国家法律对保证人追偿权的预先行使的态度以及该权利的性质等方面做概述,通过域外与国内对该权利的态度对比和分析,论证研究完善该权利的价值。第二、三、四、五部分分别从“能够导致保证人追偿权的预先行使的法定事由、保证人追偿权的预先行使的范围、保证人追偿权的预先行使的时间、保证人追偿权的预先行使的法律效果”这四个方面对保证人追偿权的预先行使制度进行阐述。这四部分主要对域外各国关于保证人追偿权预先行使的立法进行考察和梳理。同时结合国内外学者对该权利的研究,综合评价我国在保证人追偿权预先行使立法上的优缺点。得出在追偿权的预先行使上,我国所规定的法定事由过于狭隘,行使范围、行使时间不够明确,没有规定行使效果。这些规定的模糊与缺失容易造成保证人的追偿权落空,使得我国保证人的权益难以得到有效的保障。第六部分“我国法律关于保证人追偿权的预先行使规定的立法完善”。本部分通过分析学者在能够导致保证人追偿权的预先行使的法定事由、保证人追偿权的预先行使的范围、保证人追偿权的预先行使的时间、保证人追偿权的预先行使的法律效果等方面提出的在立法上的完善,综合各方观点得出最终的完善意见,以期为我国完善对保证人权益的保护提供有意义的参考。
[Abstract]:Guarantee is a way to guarantee the realization of creditor's rights on the basis of people's credit. It guarantees the realization of creditor's rights by the form of slave contract which is attached to the main contract.In the process of market economy developing, guarantee system plays an important role.However, the guarantor has more obligations and less rights because of the characteristics of the contract of guarantee being single and free.The guarantor is the debtor's debt guarantee, with high risk, heavy obligations, and low rights and interests. In market economic activities, there is often a situation in which the debtor's credit is not good and the debt is evaded.There is also the debtor's own business situation deterioration is often appeared in the business operation, so the guarantor's rights and interests can not be protected events will occur frequently, in the long run, the guarantee will lose its due role.In order to protect the rights and interests of the guarantor, it is necessary to consider the perfection of the guarantor's rights towards the principal debtor, since the person who is ultimately liable when the debtor is.Here the surety's right of recourse against the debtor is the core, and how to guarantee the guarantor's right of recourse is the most important one, and the prior exercise of the surety's right of recourse is an important system for the strong protection of the guarantor's rights and interests.This article will discuss how to perfect the system of the surety's right of recovery in advance.This paper includes the following six parts: the first part: the advance exercise of surety's right of recourse: an overview.This part summarizes the basic connotation and rationality of the prior exercise of the surety's right of recourse, the attitude of the national law to the prior exercise of the surety's right of recourse, and the nature of the right.Through the comparison and analysis of the attitudes towards this right in foreign countries and at home, this paper demonstrates the value of perfecting it.The second, third, fourth, and fifth parts are divided into three parts: "the legal reasons that can lead to the prior exercise of the guarantor's right of recourse, the scope of the prior exercise of the guarantor's right of recourse, and the time of the prior exercise of the guarantor's right of recourse."The legal effect of the prior exercise of the surety's right of recourse is expounded in four aspects: the system of the prior exercise of the surety's right of recourse.The four parts mainly investigate and sort out the legislation about the pre-exercise of surety's right of recourse in foreign countries.At the same time, combined with the domestic and foreign scholars' research on this right, the author comprehensively evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of our country's legislation on the prior exercise of the surety's right of recourse.It comes to the conclusion that the legal reason stipulated in our country is too narrow, the scope of exercise, the time of exercise is not clear enough, and there is no stipulation on the effect of exercise in the advance exercise of the right of recourse.The vagueness and absence of these regulations can easily lead to the loss of the surety's right of recourse, which makes it difficult to effectively protect the rights and interests of the guarantor in our country.The sixth part is about the legislative perfection of the prior exercise of surety's right of recourse in Chinese law.From the aspects of the legal effect of the prior exercise of surety's right of recourse and so on, the author puts forward the perfection of legislation, synthesizes the views of all sides to obtain the final perfect opinions, in order to provide a meaningful reference for our country to perfect the protection of the guarantor's rights and interests.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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