雇主替代责任承担

发布时间：2018-04-03 19:37

本文选题：雇主责任承担　切入点：雇佣关系　出处：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：雇主替代责任承担,广义上是指,雇主就雇员在雇佣活动中致第三人损害的侵权行为以及雇员在雇佣活动中自己遭受损害所承担责任的行为。而狭义上的雇主替代责任承担,仅指雇主就雇员在雇佣活动中致第三人损害的侵权行为承担责任。具体而言,本文所称的雇主替代责任的承担是指用人者(雇主)对被使用者(雇员)在雇佣活动中对第三人的致害行为,所承担的侵权责任。雇主替代责任最早源于西方国家,而我国对于雇主替代责任,在《民法通则》《民通意见》中并没有明确规定,解决此类问题仅根据《人身损害赔偿司法解释》有关规定。然而在《侵权责任法》的有关规定中,并未对雇主替代责任进行明确规定,而是从用人单位的角度进行分析。由于相关的法律规范对主体和行为特定性表述存在一定的局限性,难以适用于实际生活中的司法案例,因此对于雇主替代责任中雇主承担责任的理论依据以及承担方式需要进一步的深究。本文在前者的基础之上,首先,对雇主替代责任的概念进行简单概述,来论述雇主替代责任的承担。其次,在对雇主承担替代责任的归责原则进行阐述时,对于存在的不同观点表述,认为雇主替代责任的归责原则应为无过错责任。因为,单就雇主对雇员的侵权行为是否有无管理上的过错,雇主在雇佣关系中的地位,决定了雇主作为第一责任承担的主体。本文在雇主替代责任的承担方式中,分析了外部责任和内部责任,并分析特殊形式的责任承担主体,根据不同的法律规定以及出于对受害人权利的保护和雇员的立场出发,得出相同的责任承担主体,指出雇主作为外部承担主体的第一责任人。在存在一定的条件之上,在从事雇佣合同中对于雇主不存在过错,雇员存在重大过错或者故意的过程中,允许雇主对雇员享有的内部追偿权。对于雇主承担责任后的权利救济方式,根据我国现存的法律规定以及司法解释,进一步规定雇主对雇员享有追偿权的合理性进行分析,通过对雇主责任险的设立,来论述我国雇主在承担责任赔偿后的权利救济方式,在保障受害人的合法权益同时,也能够更好的保障雇主的合法权益以及社会主义市场经济中雇佣关系的正常运行。本文除引言和结论外,全文共分为四部分。第一部分主要对雇主、雇员的概念进行简单的概括,根据英美法系和大陆法系中的概念的不同表述,以及我国相关法律中对雇主替代责任的规定,得出雇主替代责任的承担必须建立在职务范围内。第二部分主要是对雇主承担替代责任的理论依据进行概括。并分析了存在的两种形式雇主替代责任的构成要件以及雇主在不同归责原则方式下的责任承担。在雇主替代责任的构成要件,对于雇主与雇员二者之间雇佣关系的存在;雇员实施的过错侵权行为;侵权行为属于雇员的职务范围;侵权行为与损害结果之间具有因果联系几种形式下以及雇主在无过错的原则下所承担的替代责任,通过无过错责任归责原则、过错推定原则以及过错责任与衡平责任相结合的责任原则对比分析,适用无过错责任的归责原则适应我国雇主替代责任的归责原则,符合各国历来的历史发展趋势。两种条件的有效存在可以作为雇主承担替代责任的理论基础。第三部分主要是对雇主在承担替代责任方式的重点论述。基于从受害人权益利益和雇员所处的社会地位考虑,认为,只有雇主作为第一的责任承担主体时,才符合雇主承担替代责任的性质。雇主的责任承担包括外部责任和内部责任两种情形,分析了外部情形中,在雇主承担责任下存在的免责事由和雇主权益的法律救济途径。对于雇主与雇员内部的责任承担,可以通过法律规定的形式,确定雇主对雇员的追偿权,但是对于追偿权的立法规定在司法实践中还存在争议。我国通过借鉴国内外先进的有关立法规定和司法经验,对追偿权行使加以立法规定,来权衡雇主、雇员和第三人之间的关系,也可以通过二者之间的合同约定或者以立法的形式确定追偿权的设立。关于追偿数额的确定,根据对于结果发生的概率以及之间的经济责任能力来确定赔偿金额的范围,减少雇主的经济损失,可以使雇主更好地行使自己的合法权利,来减轻在无过错归责原则下雇主的责任。第四部分主要分析了特殊情形下,在劳务派遣中、企业和公司之间、义务帮工和志愿者服务过程中以及雇员的犯罪行为所造成损失的责任承担。认为在存在雇员的犯罪行为所造成损失的责任承担中,雇员的犯罪行为不受控于雇主,受自己意志所支配,应就责任损失独立承担。对于涉及刑事责任中的民事赔偿问题,也应归因自己的行为。如果由雇主承担责任,不符合雇主承担替代责任的理论。
[Abstract]:Vicarious responsibility broadly refers to employers, employees in employment activities caused by damage to the third party infringement and employees in employment activities in their own damage responsibility behavior. The employer vicarious liability in narrow sense refers only to bear, employees in employment activities caused by damage to the third party's infringement the behavior of responsibility. Specifically, the employer vicarious liability refers to the employer (the employer) to the user (employees) in employment activities of third of the damage caused by the behavior, tort responsibility. Vicarious liability originated from western countries and our country for alternative employers responsibility in "general principles of civil law > > in the views of the people through is not clearly defined, only to solve these problems according to the judicial interpretation of personal injury compensation provisions. However in < > > of the relevant provisions of the tort liability law, not to replace the employer The responsibility clearly defined, but are analyzed from the employer's perspective. Because legal norms related to the specific subject and behavior expression has certain limitation, it is difficult to apply to the actual life of the judicial case, so the employer vicarious liability in theory of responsibility and commitment needs to be further explored. In this paper, on the basis of the former, first of all, a brief overview of the concept of vicarious liability of employers, undertake to discuss the employer's vicarious liability. Secondly, elaborated on the imputation principle of employer vicarious liability, for the different views expressed, that the imputation principle of employer vicarious liability should be liability without fault because single infringement of employer to employee whether there is no management on the fault status of employers in the employment relationship, the employer decided as the first responsibility of the principal This way. Take on the employer's vicarious liability, analyzes the external responsibility and internal responsibility, and analyze the special form of responsibility, on the basis of different legal provisions for the protection of employees and positions and rights of victims, the same responsibility main body, points out that the first responsibility of the employer as the external subject. In the presence of certain conditions, engaged in employment contract for the employee employer there is no fault, there is a major fault or intentional process, allowing employers to employees enjoy the right of recourse. To employers liability remedies, according to China's existing legal provisions and judicial interpretation, further provisions employers have the right to recover the employee's rationality is analyzed, through the establishment of employer's liability insurance, to discuss China's rights in the employer liable for damages after At the same time in the way of relief, and protect the legitimate rights and interests, but also to the normal operation of the employment relationship and better safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the employer, in the socialist market economy. Besides the introduction and conclusion, the text is divided into four parts. The first part is mainly to employers, employees of the concept of the simple generalization, according to the different representation of concept of Anglo American in the law system and the continental law system, and the provisions of vicarious liability in China law, assume that the employer's vicarious liability must be based on their duties within the scope. The second part is mainly on the theoretical basis of employer vicarious liability bearing are summarized. And the analysis of the two types of employers are elements of vicarious liability and employer liability in different imputation principles under commitment. The employer vicarious liability elements, the employment relationship between employers and employees of the two. In the implementation of the employee; fault tort; tort belongs to the scope of duties of employee; vicarious liability has a causal relationship in forms and employer in the no fault principle between the tort and the damage results, through no fault liability principle, the principle of presumption of fault liability principle analysis and comparison of fault liability and equitable liability combining the imputation principle of liability without fault to the imputation principle of vicarious liability of employers, conform to the historical trend of every country has been effectively. There are two kinds of conditions can bear the theoretic basis of vicarious liability as the employer. The third part is mainly to the employer in the bear focuses on vicarious liability. Considering the way and from the victims' rights and interests of employees based on the social status, only the employer as the first responsibility of the principal, to comply with the employer to bear for The nature of generation responsibility. The responsibility of employers including external liability and internal liability in two cases, analysis of the external circumstances, remedy the employer responsibility exemption and employers are free of the legal rights. For the employer and the employee's responsibility, through the form of the law, determine employers right to recourse employees, but the legislation for the right of recourse is controversial in the judicial practice in our country. By referring to relevant legislation and judicial experience of domestic and foreign advanced legislation, the provisions of the exercise of the right of recourse, to balance the relationship between employees and employers, third people, can also set up between the two contract or in the form of legislation to determine the right of recourse. Determination of recovery amount, to determine the scope of damages according to the ability of economic responsibility for the probability of occurrence and the, The employer to reduce economic losses, allows employers to better exercise their legitimate rights, to reduce the employer in under the principle of liability without fault liability. The fourth part mainly analyzes the special conditions in labor dispatch, between enterprises and companies, and volunteer service obligations helper process and employee behavior caused by crime the loss of responsibility. That caused by the loss in the criminal offence employee responsibility, criminal behavior of employees not controlled by the employer, by their own will should be governed independently. Loss of responsibility involving civil compensation in criminal responsibility, also should be attributed to their behavior. If the employer shall bear the responsibility that does not comply with the employer vicarious liability theory.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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