论我国空间权制度的完善

发布时间：2018-04-05 23:11

本文选题：理论争议　切入点：法律关系　出处：《郑州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：采用立体的方式对土地进行利用,在世界范围内已经成为普遍趋势。在物权法领域中,空间利用权是一种在对土地的利用由平面向纵向发展变化中产生的新型权利类型。目前,空间权的相关法律制度在西方国家已相继建立,而在我国,这一领域很少触及。我国学界对空间权的相关研究也十分匮乏,尤其是对空间权的一些理论问题,仍存在较大争议。笔者认为,空间权是来自于土地所有权,在空间权与土地所有权分离时,由于他人须在土地上建造建筑物或工作物,土地所有权人将空间利用权让渡给他人,由他人获得对土地的占有、使用、收益的权能,这与地上权的来源是相同的。由此可见,空间权在性质上并不是一项单独的用益物权,而是对一定空间上所设定的各种权利类型的抽象概括。目前,我国的城镇化建设正在如火如荼的进行中,城市规模在不断扩大,对土地资源越来越多的需求和人口的迅速增长使得土地资源稀缺的问题日益凸显,供需两方面的矛盾日益突出。因此,人们将视线转移到了地上、地下的立体空间,在对空间的利用越来越广泛的情况下,使空间权与土地权利发生了分离,在地上权之上、之下均可以有不同的权利主体,这种与地上权的冲突促使了空间权制度和立法的产生。当今世界,空间权及其相关制度已经普遍在很多国家或者地区的法律中有所体现,但是对于空间权的一些理论问题和相关法律制度还没有被统一化。比如空间权的概念与性质、空间权的客体、空间与土地的关系等问题也因为各国土地制度的不同而有所差异。目前,我国也已经普遍存在对空间的开发和利用,但是却没有有关空间权的立法,这有悖于社会的发展趋势。我国物权法在用益物权章节中规定了空间建设用地使用权①,这对我国空间权法律领域来说有着跨越性的意义,标志着空间权在我国纳入了法制的轨道,开始了运用法律和规范对空间权加以规定和限制的新时代,不得不说是对空间权立法上的重大突破。空间的立体开发与土地的平面开发是不同的,因此,不能将空间的开发利用纳入到土地的开发利用的规则中来。因此,完善空间权的相关法律制度显得迫在眉睫。然而,我国物权法仅仅用一个条文来概括显然达不到实际使用的要求,因此,我们要结合各国的空间权立法来创立适用于我国的空间权制度,使得我国空间资源的利用能够得到有效的保护。
[Abstract]:The use of land in three-dimensional way has become a universal trend in the world.In the field of property law, spatial use right is a new type of rights which arises from the development of land use from plane to vertical.At present, the relevant legal system of space right has been established in western countries one after another, but in our country, this field is rarely touched.The research on space rights in Chinese academic circles is also very scarce, especially on some theoretical issues of space rights, there is still a great deal of controversy.The author thinks that the space right comes from the land ownership. When the space right is separated from the land ownership, because others have to build buildings or work things on the land, the land owner transfers the space use right to others.The power of possession, use, and revenue of land by others is the same as the source of the right to land.It can be seen that space right is not a separate usufructuary right in nature, but an abstract summary of all kinds of rights set up in a certain space.At present, the urbanization construction of our country is in full swing, the urban scale is expanding constantly, the demand for land resources is more and more and the rapid growth of population makes the problem of land resources scarce day by day prominent day by day.The contradiction between supply and demand is increasingly prominent.Therefore, people shift their attention to the ground, underground three-dimensional space, in the case of more and more extensive use of space, so that space rights and land rights have been separated, above the land right, there can be different rights under the subject.This conflict with the right to land promotes the emergence of space right system and legislation.In today's world, space rights and their related systems have been generally reflected in the laws of many countries or regions, but some theoretical issues and related legal systems of space rights have not been unified.For example, the concept and nature of space right, the object of space right and the relationship between space and land are different because of different land systems.At present, the development and utilization of space has been widely existed in our country, but there is no legislation on space right, which is contrary to the trend of social development.In the chapter of usufruct property right of our country, the right to use space construction land is defined, which has leapfrogging significance to the legal field of space right of our country, which indicates that the space right has been brought into the orbit of legal system in our country.The new era of using laws and norms to regulate and restrict the space rights has to be said to be a major breakthrough in the legislation of space rights.The three-dimensional development of space is different from the plane development of land, therefore, the development and utilization of space can not be brought into the rules of land development and utilization.Therefore, it is urgent to perfect the relevant legal system of space right.However, the real right law of our country only uses one article to generalize can't meet the requirement of actual use obviously, therefore, we must combine the space right legislation of various countries to create the space right system which is applicable to our country.So that the use of space resources in China can be effectively protected.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.2

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