论宅基地使用权主体资格

发布时间：2018-04-08 20:13

本文选题：宅基地使用权　切入点：主体资格　出处：《南京大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：宅基地使用权制度设计的初衷是为了保障农民的土地利益,国家对宅基地的申请和使用均采取无偿的方式。这一保障性的制度一经提出便在当时的社会发挥了不可替代的积极作用。但是随着市场经济的发展,土地日益成为高价稀缺的资源,农村宅基地的面积却随着经济的增长而不断扩大,农民迫切希望可以通过土地获得额外的经济利益。中央政府及各省、市地区虽然出台相关法律、政策规范宅基地的管理,但总事与愿违。现在部分地区的村民外出务工又加剧了宅基地闲置的问题。这些宅基地或荒废在村内,或通过隐性的方式转卖给了他人,这造成了很多宅基地买卖纠纷案件的发生。现行的宅基地使用权制度解决不了村民对宅基地进行经济利用的内在要求和国家对宅基地主体资格进行外在限制之间的矛盾。针对宅基地的申请、继承和流转程序,法律尚没有统一的标准。在这种模糊的状态下很多人开始利用法律的空白为自己谋利,法院在审理这类案件时往往遭遇尴尬,导致了宅基地类纠纷案件存在同案不同判的情形。想要解决这些问题必须首先明确宅基地使用权的主体资格,完善相关的法律制度才能达到定纷止争的效果。本文除了引言和结语外,将从以下各方面展开研究：首先,本文会对宅基地使用权主体及相关概念进行界定。通过对宅基地使用权主体的立法梳理,纵向介绍国家的立法变化,即宅基地使用权主体资格经历了由限制——放开——再限制的过程。通过对我国不同省、市地区的宅基地管理办法进行横向比较,进一步的归纳宅基地使用权主体资格的构成要件,并分析不同地区在宅基地使用权主体资格的初始取得、继受取得和丧失方面存在的区别,从而明确关于宅基地使用权主体资格的立法差异和理论缺陷,为后文的研究指明方向。其次,本文将对2008年至2014年间发生的100例有关宅基地纠纷类案件进行整理和归纳,结合得出的数据分析实务中存在的问题,以明确宅基地使用权主体资格的重要性。借由现行法律存在的理论问题及司法实践中存在的实务问题,指明宅基地使用权主体资格的取得方式有待完善、宅基地使用权主体的退出机制亟需建立、宅基地使用权的申请、管理工作亟待加强。最后,本文将根据前几部分所阐述的问题提出相关的立法建议,指出宅基地使用权制度的价值理念应当改变,不能将保障性作为其唯一的价值追求,而要兼顾效率价值和公平价值。针对宅基地使用权主体申请、审批的问题,要合理划分宅基地管理部门权、责,避免政府间不作为的现象。文章还将对宅基地使用权主体资格的取得和退出制度进行了理论构建。以期可以通过文中对宅基地使用权主体资格问题的探讨和立法制度的完善,为相关的立法和司法工作提供参考和帮助。
[Abstract]:The original intention of the system of homestead use right is to protect the farmers' land interests, and the state adopts the free way to apply for and use the homestead.As soon as this safeguard system was put forward, it played an irreplaceable positive role in the society at that time.However, with the development of market economy, land is becoming a scarce resource with high price, and the area of rural homestead is expanding with the growth of economy. Farmers are eager to obtain extra economic benefits through land.Although the central government and the provinces, cities and regions issued laws and policies to regulate the management of homestead, but the total backfired.Now the villagers in some areas of migrant workers and exacerbated the problem of idle homestead.These sites were abandoned in the village or sold to others in a hidden way, which led to a lot of disputes over the sale of homestead.The current system of homestead use right can not solve the contradiction between the inherent requirement of the villagers' economic utilization of the homestead and the external restriction on the qualification of the main body of the homestead by the state.For homestead application, inheritance and circulation procedures, the law has not yet unified standards.In such a vague state, many people begin to use the blank of the law for their own profit, the court often encounter embarrassment in the trial of such cases, resulting in the homestead dispute cases with different judgments.In order to solve these problems, we must first define the subject qualification of the right to use the homestead, and perfect the relevant legal system to achieve the effect of settling disputes.In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper will start the research from the following aspects: first, this paper will define the subject of homestead use right and related concepts.Through combing the legislation of the subject of homestead use right, this paper introduces the legislative changes of the country vertically, that is, the subject qualification of the homestead use right has experienced the process of restricting-liberalizing-relimiting.Through the horizontal comparison of the management methods of homestead in different provinces and cities of our country, this paper further sums up the constitutive elements of the subject qualification of the right to use the homestead, and analyzes the initial acquisition of the qualification of the subject of the right to use the homestead in different areas.The differences between the acquisition and the loss of the right to use the homestead, so as to clarify the legislative differences and theoretical defects on the subject qualification of the right to use the homestead, and point out the direction for the later studies.Secondly, this paper will sort out and sum up 100 cases of homestead disputes from 2008 to 2014, and analyze the problems in practice in order to make clear the importance of the subject qualification of homestead use right.Through the theoretical problems existing in the current law and the practical problems in judicial practice, the author points out that the way to obtain the qualification of the subject of homestead use right needs to be perfected, the withdrawal mechanism of the subject of the right to use the homestead needs to be established urgently, and the application for the right to use the homestead.Management needs to be strengthened.Finally, this paper will put forward the relevant legislative suggestions according to the problems described in the previous parts, and point out that the value concept of the right to use the homestead system should be changed, and the guarantee should not be regarded as its only value pursuit.The value of efficiency and equity should be taken into account.In view of the application and examination and approval of the subject of the right to use the homestead, it is necessary to reasonably divide the authority and responsibility of the management department of the homestead to avoid the phenomenon of government inaction.The article also carries on the theoretical construction to the homestead use right main body qualification obtain and the withdrawal system.In order to provide reference and help for the relevant legislative and judicial work, we can discuss the subject qualification of homestead use right and perfect the legislative system in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.3;D923.2

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