民法典编纂视野中的成年意定监护制度

发布时间：2018-04-08 20:37

本文选题：意定监护　切入点：监护合同　出处：《华侨大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着世界人口老龄化趋势不断加深,国际人权保障理念日益更新,世界各国相继进行了成年监护制度的改革,成年意定监护制度应运而生。我国人口老龄化问题更加严峻,加之现有保护成年人的监护立法理念落后,尤其是缺乏对个人自主决定权的尊重和残余能力的重视,现有的成年监护制度对于身心障碍者面临的人身照顾、财产管理等问题缺乏解决的措施。《老年人权益保障法》虽已对老年意定监护进行了规定,但其内容过于原则性,且存在制度体系混乱、监护主体范围狭窄、意定监护具体的内容缺失、缺少意定监护监督制度等问题。因此,借我国民法典编纂的契机,构建我国的成年意定监护制度刻不容缓。基于我国目前的社会现状、立法情况及学界观点,通过对比《民法总则》和民法典各建议稿中关于成年意定监护制度的规定,区分其适用的不同立法模式,就此为民法典立法体例的选择,应将成年意定监护制度先在民法典总则中作出原则性的规定,其他具体的内容以单行法的方式进行规定;并结合其他国家的立法经验对成年意定监护制度作出具体化、系统性的规定,对成年意定监护合同的主体、订立、生效、终止等进行具体规定,以及对成年意定监护登记制度、意定监护监督制度进行具体构建,以实现对老年人、身体或精神障碍者等弱势群体基本人权的保障。
[Abstract]:With the aging trend of the world population deepening and the concept of international human rights protection being updated day by day, various countries in the world have carried out the reform of the adult guardianship system one after another, and the adult determined guardianship system has emerged as the times require.The problem of aging population in our country is more serious, coupled with the backward concept of guardianship legislation for the protection of adults, especially the lack of respect for individual autonomy and the importance of residual ability.The existing adult guardianship system lacks measures to solve the problems of personal care and property management faced by the disabled. Although the Law on the Protection of the Rights and interests of the elderly has provided for voluntary guardianship for the elderly, its contents are too principled.And there are some problems, such as confusion of system, narrow scope of guardianship subject, lack of specific content and lack of supervision system.Therefore, it is urgent to construct the adult guardianship system by taking the opportunity of compiling the civil code of our country.Based on the current social situation, legislative situation and academic viewpoint of our country, by comparing the provisions of the General principles of Civil Law and the various proposals of the Civil Code on the system of adult voluntary guardianship, the author distinguishes the different legislative models of its application.This is the choice of the legislative system of the Civil Code. The system of adult compulsory guardianship should be stipulated in principle in the general rules of the Civil Code first, and the other specific contents should be stipulated in the form of a single law.Combined with the legislative experience of other countries, the system of adult compulsory guardianship is specified and systematized, the main body of adult voluntary guardianship contract, the conclusion, entry into force, termination and so on, as well as the registration system of adult voluntary guardianship, are specified.In order to realize the protection of basic human rights of the elderly, the physically or mentally handicapped and other vulnerable groups, the system of supervision and supervision of voluntary guardianship is constructed concretely.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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