股权善意取得的构成要件分析

发布时间：2018-04-14 22:33

本文选题：股权 + 股权处分　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：善意取得制度确定了在无权处分的情况下的权利归属,具有保护交易安全的目的。随着社会的发展,交易已经不局限在传统的有体物的交易,越来越多的无体物开始进入交易领域,有限责任公司的股权就是其中之一。在有限责任公司的股权交易中,常常会出现对股权的无权处分,进而在真实权利人和善意受让人之间的利益冲突,而善意取得制度是解决此种冲突最好的方法,所以在股权交易中需要适用善意取得制度。但是有限责任公司的股权和传统的物权在很多方面都存在差异,在适用《物权法》上的善意取得制度时,应该根据其自身的特点作相应的变通。首先,对股权权属的判断应当采用实质标准,即在公司运行中能够作为股东行使股权的人才是股权的权利人。虽然公司的股东名册和工商登记都可以反映公司的股权状况,但是在股东名册、工商登记和真实的股权状况出现不一致的情况下,应当根据真实的股权状况确定股权的归属。不是权利人对于股权的处分是无权处分,对股权的无权处分则会引发受让人是不是符合善意取得的思考。其次,在我国现阶段的法律框架下,工商登记是有限责任公司股权的权利外观,第三人对工商登记的信赖是其善意的来源。但是现行的工商登记制度缺乏相应的制度性保障,其正确性较低,因此需要对其加以改造,以使其能够更好的充当有限责任公司股权的权利外观。对工商登记的改造应该保证工商登记中的股东登记和真实的股权状况保持高度的一致,可以从以下几个方面入手:第一,在工商登记中引入异议登记;第二,大幅度地缩短变更工商登记的时间;第三,应当把股东的出资额作为工商登记中的应登记内容。再次,受让人在通知公司时取得股权。在股权转让合同生效以后,在出让人和受让人之间只是产生了权利和义务的关系,并不会发生股权变动的效果。股权归属应当在通知公司时发生变动。通知公司以后,受让人才取得股权。如果没有通知公司,则受让人尚未取得股权,股权还为原权利人所有,不会在真实权利人和受让人之间产生利益冲突,也就不会有善意取得制度适用的空间。最后,股权的善意取得还应当考虑权利人的可归责性。如果权利人没有可归责性,则不能适用善意取得制度。权利人的可归责性主要包括两个方面:一是权利人对于无权处分人权利外观的形成有过错;二是权利人疏于查看工商登记,致使工商登记的错误长时间的存在。股权善意取得的其他要件,可以类推适用《物权法》和《最高人民法院关于适用中华人民共和国物权法若干问题的解释(一)》的相关规定。
[Abstract]:The system of bona fide acquisition determines the ownership of the right under the circumstance of unauthorized disposition and has the purpose of protecting the security of the transaction.With the development of the society, the transaction is not limited to the traditional physical transactions, more and more incorporeal began to enter the trading field, limited liability company equity is one of them.In the stock right transaction of limited liability company, the unauthorized disposition of the stock right often appears, and then the conflict of interest between the real right holder and the bona fide transferee, and the system of bona fide acquisition is the best way to solve the conflict.So it is necessary to apply bona fide acquisition system in equity trading.However, the ownership of limited liability company and traditional real right are different in many aspects. When applying the bona fide acquisition system in Real Law, we should make corresponding modifications according to its own characteristics.First of all, the judgment of equity ownership should adopt the substantive standard, that is, the person who can exercise equity as a shareholder in the operation of the company is the right holder of equity.Although both the register of shareholders and the registration of industry and commerce can reflect the equity status of the company, if the register of shareholders, the registration of industry and commerce and the real status of the equity are inconsistent, the ownership of the stock should be determined according to the real status of the stock right.Not that the right holder has no right to dispose of the right, but that the right to dispose of the right will lead to the consideration of whether the transferee is in accordance with the acquisition in good faith.Secondly, under the current legal framework of our country, industrial and commercial registration is the right appearance of limited liability company's equity, and the third party's trust in industrial and commercial registration is its bona fide source.However, the current industrial and commercial registration system lacks the corresponding institutional guarantee, and its correctness is relatively low, so it needs to be reformed so that it can better act as the right appearance of the limited liability company's stock right.The reform of industrial and commercial registration should ensure that the registration of shareholders in the registration of industry and commerce keeps a high degree of consistency with the real status of stock rights. It can be started from the following aspects: first, the introduction of dissenting registration in the registration of industry and commerce; second, the introduction of dissenting registration in the registration of industry and commerce;The time of changing the registration of industry and commerce should be greatly shortened; thirdly, the amount of capital contributed by shareholders should be regarded as the content of registration in the registration of industry and commerce.Again, the transferee acquires equity when notifying the company.After the equity transfer contract comes into effect, the relationship between transferee and transferee only produces the relation of rights and obligations, and does not have the effect of stock right change.Ownership of shares shall be changed at the time of notification to the company.After notifying the company, the transferee acquires the equity.If the company is not notified, the transferee has not yet acquired the equity, the equity is also owned by the original right holder, there will be no conflict of interest between the real right holder and the transferee, and there will be no space for the bona fide acquisition system to be applied.Finally, the bona fide acquisition of equity should also consider the obligee's imputability.If the obligee has no imputation, the bona fide acquisition system cannot be applied.The imputation of the obligee mainly includes two aspects: one is that the obligee has fault about the appearance of the right to dispose of the right; the other is that the obligee neglects to check the registration of industry and commerce, resulting in the existence of the mistake of the registration of industry and commerce for a long time.Other requirements for bona fide acquisition of stock rights may be applied by analogy to the relevant provisions of the Law on Real Rights and the interpretation (1) > of the Supreme people's Court on the Application of the Real right Law of the people's Republic of China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.2;D922.291.91

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