论民事赔偿责任优先原则的适用——我国《侵权责任法》第4条第2款规定之解读

发布时间：2018-05-05 22:07

本文选题：民事赔偿责任优先 + 财产刑　；参考：《南京大学学报(哲学·人文科学·社会科学)》2015年02期

【摘要】：我国《侵权责任法》第4条第2款确立了侵权赔偿责任优先,将违法行为的"同一性"作为适用条件。该条件包括行为数量上的单一性与唯一性以及财产责任承担上的重合性与冲突性两个基本要素。受调整对象的限制,《侵权责任法》仅规定了侵权赔偿责任优先,但其他民事赔偿责任也存在优先适用的余地,未来民法典应确立民事赔偿责任优先原则。建立民事赔偿优先的程序法衔接与保障机制,立足事前救济。行政机关及人民法院在行政罚款责任及刑事财产刑责任认定及执行中,应当将行为人可能承担的民事赔偿纳入其财产范围中,依法适用缓、减、免制度。可将民事赔偿权利人纳入刑事财产刑及行政罚款执行程序的案外人中,借助执行异议和执行中止,确保民事赔偿优先的实现。
[Abstract]:Article 4, paragraph 2, of our country's Tort liability Law establishes the priority of tort liability and regards the "identity" of the illegal act as the applicable condition. This condition includes two basic elements: the singularity and uniqueness of the behavior quantity and the coincidence and conflict of the property liability. Limited by the object of adjustment, Tort liability Law only stipulates tort liability first, but other civil liability also has the space to be applied first. The civil civil code should establish the principle of civil liability priority in the future. To establish the procedural law linking and safeguarding mechanism of civil compensation priority, based on prior relief. The administrative organ and the people's court should bring the civil compensation that the actor may bear into the scope of their property and apply the system of reprieve, abatement and exemption according to law in the cognizance and execution of the responsibility of administrative fine and criminal property penalty. The obligee of civil compensation right can be brought into the criminal property penalty and administrative fine execution procedure of the case outsiders, with the help of executive objection and suspension of execution, to ensure the realization of civil compensation priority.
【作者单位】：安徽大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目(11BFX029)
【分类号】：D923

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