微博上名誉权侵权责任认定裁判规则研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 12:55

  本文选题：微博 + 名誉权　； 参考：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：言论自由是《宪法》赋予的公民基本权利。近年来,微博己成为互联网时代彰显个性、挑战权威的一种草根性的自媒体,每个人不但可以是信息的接受者,更有机会成为信息的发布者,将言论自由权利发挥到了极致。学界对微博这一新事物展开了大量讨论和研究,学者们普遍认为对微博发挥出的促进社会进步和民主开放的作用不容否定。与此同时,微博上名誉权侵权案件层出不穷,且屡屡引起社会舆论关注。合理解决微博上言论自由与名誉权之间的冲突迫在眉睫。社会发展规律告诉我们,技术的革新日益深刻地改变着人们的生活方式,对我们的社会关系不断赋予新的内涵和外延,而社会关系的改变必然导致法律规范模式的调整。由于立法规范具有滞后性与原则性,对于新事物带来的新问题,现行法律规则往往无法即时调整。因此,司法裁判只能在既定法律原则的基础上衡平法律关系各方利益界分法律责任,寻找解决微博上引发的名誉权纠纷的裁判法律规则。法院在审理微博上名誉权侵权案件时,需要进行法益衡量,裁判难点是如何把握名誉权、言论自由保护与互联网技术发展相结合的审判思路。其实,微博上名誉权侵权与传统名誉权侵权本质相同,同样适用法定的一般侵权行为构成要件,但微博传播具有即时性、范围广、信息碎片化等特点,微博环境的特殊性加之名誉权的特殊性,造成了传统侵权行为构成要件在适用过程中困境重重,诸多方面基本依赖法官自由裁量,缺乏严谨性和可操作性。因此,笔者通过研究微博上名誉权侵权纠纷的裁判规则,总结有益裁判经验,并大胆指出不足、提出建议,以期建立合目的、合逻辑、可操作的认定标准来厘清名誉权侵权微博言论与非侵权微博言论的界限。在保护公民名誉权的同时,更有益于明确言论自由保护范围。本文主体共分为四个部分。第一章为典型案例及裁判要点归纳。首先,本文开篇即列出近年来审结的十起微博侵犯他人名誉权的典型案例,使读者对此类案件有感性认识,为下文具体分析提供素材。其次,笔者将依据判例,从宏观上初步梳理出法院的裁判要点。由此最后引出微博特点及微博名誉纠纷高发的原因,凸显微博法律秩序规则的特性及研究价值,并指出当前的裁判困境。第二章为微博上名誉权侵权责任主体研究。结合现行法和微博运营实际情况,侧重将复杂的责任主体按照不同标准分类开来分析,重点突出不同责任主体的特殊性,为微博名誉侵权责任认定的特殊性分析做出理论铺垫。第三章为微博名誉权侵权责任的认定标准及其裁判规则研究。结合现行法和法院审判实践,针对微博用户和微博服务提供者,分为构成要件和抗辩事由两个方面,将充分结合案例,以法院判决为研究对象,力图展现一套完整的目前法院认定微博名誉侵权的裁判规则体系,希冀在传统名誉侵权的框架内,厘清微博名誉侵权的特殊适用问题。第四章为基于微博名誉侵权责任认定裁判规则的思考及建议。针对法院裁判存在的不合理之处及裁判规则空白点,笔者经过理论结合实际的思考,大胆提出了自己的建议,并进行有针对性的分析。希望能够对完善微博名誉权侵权责任认定标准的完善有所贡献。
[Abstract]:Freedom of speech is the basic right granted by the constitution. In recent years, micro-blog has become a grass-roots self media in the Internet era to highlight its personality and challenge authority. Everyone can not only be the receiver of information, but also become a publisher of information. It has brought freedom of speech to the extreme. The new things of micro-blog in the academic world. A large number of discussions and studies have been carried out, and scholars generally believe that the role of promoting social progress and democratic opening to the micro-blog can not be denied. At the same time, the infringement of the right of reputation on micro-blog has come out in an endless stream, and it has repeatedly aroused the attention of the public opinion. It is imminent to solve the conflict between micro-blog's speech and the right of reputation. The law of development tells us that the innovation of technology is changing the way of people's life and the new connotation and extension of our social relations, and the change of social relations inevitably leads to the adjustment of the legal norms. The rules of law often cannot be adjusted immediately. Therefore, the judicial referee can only balance the legal responsibility of the interests of all parties in legal relations on the basis of the established legal principles and find the legal rules for solving the dispute on the right of reputation caused by the micro-blog. The court needs to measure the legal benefits when the case of the right of reputation infringement on micro-blog is heard, and the difficulties of the referee are the difficulties. How to grasp the right of reputation and the combination of freedom of speech protection and the development of Internet technology. In fact, the infringement of the right of reputation on the micro-blog is the same as that of the traditional right of reputation infringement, and it also applies to the legal elements of the general tort, but the micro-blog has the characteristics of immediate, extensive and fragmented information, and the particularity of the micro-blog environment. In addition, the particularity of the right of reputation has caused many difficulties in the application process of the constitution of the traditional tort. Many aspects depend on the discretion of the judge, lack of rigor and maneuverability. Therefore, through the study of the rules of the referee of the infringement of the right of reputation on micro-blog, the author sums up the useful referee's experience and boldly points out the shortcomings and puts forward the construction. Discussion, in order to establish the objective, logical and operable standards to clarify the boundary between the micro-blog speech and the non tortious micro-blog speech right infringement. While protecting the citizen's reputation right, it is more useful to clear the scope of freedom of speech protection. The main body of this article is divided into four parts. The first chapter is the typical case and the referee's main points. The beginning of this article is to list ten typical cases of micro-blog's infringement of others' right of reputation in recent years, so that readers have the perceptual knowledge of such cases and provide material for the specific analysis below. Secondly, the author will sort out the main points of the court from the macro level according to the case, and then lead to the high incidence of micro-blog's characteristics and the reputation of micro-blog. The reason is to highlight the characteristics and research value of the rules of the legal order of micro-blog, and point out the current predicament of the referee. The second chapter is the research on the subject of the tort liability for the right of reputation on micro-blog. In combination with the current law and the actual operation of micro-blog, it focuses on the analysis of the complex responsibility subject according to the different standards, focusing on the special subject of different responsibilities. In order to make a theoretical basis for the analysis of the particularity of the cognizance of micro-blog's reputation for tort liability, the third chapter is the standard and the study of the rules for the cognizance of the tort liability of the honorary right of micro-blog. In combination with the current law and the trial practice of the court, it is divided into two aspects: the components of the micro-blog user and the micro-blog service provider, which will be fully combined with the case. Taking the court verdict as the research object, it tries to show a complete set of judicial rules system for the current court to identify micro-blog's reputation infringement, and hopes to clarify the special application of the tort of the reputation of micro-blog in the framework of the traditional reputation infringement. The fourth chapter is the thinking and suggestions for the determination of the rules of judgment based on the reputation of micro-blog, which is based on the reputation of micro-blog. The unreasonableness of the referee and the blank of the rules of the referee, the author, after the thought of the theory combined with the reality, boldly put forward his own suggestion and carried on a pertinent analysis. I hope to contribute to the perfection of the standard of cognizance of the tort liability for the right of reputation of micro-blog.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923
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本文编号：1861489