我国继承法酌情分得遗产制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 16:27

本文选题：继承权 + 酌情分得遗产权　；参考：《宁夏大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国《继承法》法定继承制度一章中规定了一项特殊的、区别于继承权的遗产权利,酌情分得遗产权,即适用法定继承过程中,作为法定继承制度的补充,与被继承人形成扶养关系的扶养人或被扶养人,可申请享受部分遗产。但是现行法律的规定十分笼统,造成实践中不易操作的问题。在《继承法》修改之际,更加迫切地需要我们对酌情分得遗产制度做深入的研究并提出修改建议。从理论层面,笔者分析酌情分得遗产制度受保护弱者的立法理念的指导,是死后扶养思想、被继承人意思推定理论及养老育幼、照顾病残原则的体现。并且笔者追溯了酌情分得遗产历史渊源,分析了酌情分得遗产发展至今,需应对新的家庭结构和“新的家庭形态”提出的新问题,因此保留和完善酌情分得遗产制度是有必要性的。从立法角度,笔者通过分析现行的法律条文,总结了制度的基本内涵及功能;指出现行法律规定存在的缺陷,如酌情分得遗产权性质不明的问题,并结合相关案例,分析具体规定存在的缺陷,如存在扶养关系的姻亲该不该适用酌情分得遗产制度;权利人的取得要件标准中对“扶养较多”的认定、“双无人员”的认定问题;数额分配多少,有没有上限的问题等。有问题就需要寻求解决办法,笔者运用比较的分析方法,与国外典型的酌情分得遗产的法律规定做比较,与台湾地区相同的制度做比较,与香港地区类似制度作比较,与具有相同立法目的及价值的必留份制度作比较,分析异同,吸收从权利主体、数额分配的依据,数额多少等方面的优点,填补到酌情分得遗产制度的具体规定之中。最后,对酌情分得遗产制度的完善建议是文章的重中之重。以保护弱者的立法理念为指导,从理论上明确酌情分得遗产权的法律性质;从法律条文的修订上提出详细而具体的建议去保护权利人,特别是被扶养的“双无人员”这样的弱势群体。并且依据保护公民私人财产的继承权的立法目的,在继承法内部协调法定继承制度,将酌情分得遗产制度从法定继承一章中独立出来,另扩大法定继承人的范围到四亲等,使扶养被继承人的三亲等四亲等继承人在没有前顺序继承人排斥的情况下,可通过继承获得遗产。再次,通过程序保障权利的实现,设立遗产管理人制度,由具有公正性的主体管理分割遗产,免于权利主体向同样具有遗产期待的继承人主张权利实现,继而引发矛盾,从程序上落实对酌情分得遗产权的保障。
[Abstract]:In the chapter of the legal inheritance system of our country's inheritance Law, a special right of inheritance, which is different from the right of inheritance, is provided, and the right of inheritance is obtained as a supplement to the system of legal succession in the process of applying legal inheritance. A dependant or dependant who forms a dependency relationship with the heirs may apply for part of the estate. However, the provisions of the current law are very general, resulting in difficult to operate in practice. At the time of the amendment of the inheritance Law, it is more urgent for us to make a thorough study on the system of the discretionary share of the inheritance and to put forward some suggestions for amendment. From the theoretical level, the author analyzes the legislative idea of obtaining the protection of the weak in the inheritance system, which is the embodiment of the idea of posthumous maintenance, the theory of the presumption of the will of the heirs, the principle of raising children for the aged, and the principle of taking care of the sick and disabled. And the author traces the historical origin of the inheritance, and analyzes the new problems raised by the new family structure and the "new family form", which need to be dealt with by the development of the discretionary heritage. Therefore, it is necessary to preserve and improve the discretionary system of inheritance. From the legislative point of view, the author summarizes the basic connotation and function of the system by analyzing the current legal provisions, points out the defects of the current legal provisions, such as the problem of the unclear nature of the distribution of the property right, and combines with the relevant cases. Analyzing the defects of the specific provisions, such as whether the in-laws with dependent relationships should apply the system of sharing the inheritance as appropriate; the identification of "more support" in the criteria for obtaining the requirements of the obligee, the identification of "double persons without personnel", and how much the amount should be allocated, There is no upper limit, etc. If there is a problem, we need to find a solution. The author uses the comparative analysis method to compare with the typical overseas legal provisions on the distribution of heritage, with the same system in Taiwan, and with similar systems in Hong Kong. Comparing with the mandatory share system with the same legislative purpose and value, analyzing the similarities and differences, absorbing the advantages of the subject of right, the basis of the amount distribution and the amount, etc., it can be filled into the specific provisions of the system of obtaining the inheritance according to the discretion. Finally, it is the most important point of the article to improve the system. Under the guidance of the legislative idea of protecting the weak, the legal nature of the right to inheritance should be clearly defined in theory, and detailed and specific suggestions should be made for the protection of the right holder from the revision of the legal provisions. In particular, the dependent "double no person" such as the vulnerable groups. And according to the legislative purpose of protecting the inheritance rights of citizens' private property, the legal inheritance system should be coordinated within the inheritance law, and the inheritance system should be separated from the legal inheritance chapter, and the scope of the legal heirs should be expanded to four relatives, etc. The third and fourth relatives who support the heirs may acquire the estate by inheritance without the exclusion of the former heirs. Thirdly, through the procedure to guarantee the realization of the right, establish the system of the estate administrator, and divide the heritage by the impartial subject, avoid the right subject claiming the realization of the right from the heirs who have the same expectation of the estate, and then cause the contradiction. From the procedural implementation of the discretion to obtain the protection of the right to inheritance.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.5

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