民法“重大误解”继受之反思——兼以台湾“民法”第88条第1款为例

发布时间：2018-05-11 17:17

本文选题：意思表示错误 + 重大误解　；参考：《华东政法大学学报》2017年02期

【摘要】：我国民法"重大误解"极可能是借鉴苏俄民法,而后者却受到德国法的重大影响。但我国立法的继受混合而间接,亦未结合理论建构,发端于继受过程中的"误解"一语的不当使用造成了司法实践的混乱。台湾地区现行"民法",为国民政府立法院在《大清民律草案》的基础上修改制定完成的"中华民国民法典"。其意思表示错误部分的规定亦大多源于《德国民法典》。但其第88条第1款规定中"表意人若知其事情即不为意思表示"之规定虽源于德国,却与德国法规定及解释皆不相同。这一问题在司法中造成了混乱,而学说也未能找到妥当的解决方案。建议在我国民法总则的立法中回归传统民法意思表示错误的概念,并明确其构成要件。
[Abstract]:The great misunderstanding of the civil law of our country is likely to draw lessons from the Soviet Russian civil law, which is greatly influenced by the German law. However, the improper use of the term "misunderstanding", which originated in the process of subsequent acceptance, has caused confusion in judicial practice, because the legislation in our country has been mixed and indirect, and has not been constructed in combination with the theory. The current Civil Law in Taiwan is the Civil Code of the Republic of China, which was revised and formulated by the Legislative Yuan of the National Government on the basis of the draft of the people's Law of the Great Qing Dynasty. The provisions of the wrong part of the meaning are mostly derived from the German Civil Code. However, the provision in article 88, paragraph 1, that "an ideographer does not express his will if he knows what he is doing", though originating in Germany, is different from German law and its interpretation. The problem caused confusion in the administration of justice, and the doctrine failed to find a proper solution. It is suggested to return to the concept of misrepresentation of the meaning of the traditional civil law in the legislation of the general principles of civil law in our country, and to clarify its constituent elements.
【作者单位】：北京航空航天大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金资助项目“民法错误论之继受与本土化”(项目号14CFX071) 司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目“网络环境下意思表示错误问题研究”(项目号13SFB3024)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D923

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