论我国无效民事法律行为的类型

发布时间：2018-05-12 05:32

本文选题：无效民事法律行为 + 民事行为能力　；参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：无效民事法律行为制度一直以来都是我国民法理论的重要内容,但围绕如何确定无效民事法律行为的类型这一问题,理论界与司法实务界仍存在诸多不同意见。无效民事法律行为类型的设置涉及国家公权力对公民私权利,对平等、自由等民法核心价值理念和原则的限制程度,其重要性不言而喻。《中华人民共和国民法总则》(以下简称《民法总则》)对无效民事法律行为类型的相关制度作出了如下与时俱进地调整:下调无民事行为能力人年龄界限为8周岁;改欺诈、胁迫或乘人之危民事法律行为无效为可撤销;废除“以合法形式掩盖非法目的”、“恶意串通损害国家、集体或者第三人利益”等列举式立法;增加通谋虚伪意思表示无效的相关规定;将违法型无效民事法律行为的违法法源位阶限定为法律、行政法规并增加了但书规定,其合理性与进步性十分明显。然而,赋予无民事行为能力人实施的与其年龄、智力、精神健康状态相适应的民事法律行为有效同准许限制民事行为能力人可以实施与其年龄、智力、精神健康状态相适应的民事法律行为在立法目的上并无不同,我国《民法总则》应当在无民事行为能力人实施的民事法律行为无效规定之后加上但书:“但实施与其年龄、智力、精神状态相适应的民事法律行为有效”;另外,《民法总则》还应细化规定限制民事行为能力人实施的单方民事法律行为无效。此外,为保证意思表示瑕疵型无效民事法律行为版图的完整性,《民法总则》还应增加真意保留之例外无效民事法律行为和戏谑无效民事法律行为之规定。鉴于司法实践当中的“恶意串通行为”在我国现行民法上都可以找到相应的规制制度,因此,我国《民法总则》应彻底废除“恶意串通”之规定,可将司法实践当中出现的绝大多数“恶意串通行为”分别交由通谋虚伪意思表示制度、无权代理制度、无权处分制度、债权人撤销权制度等来规制,剩下极少数的“恶意串通行为”则可交由公序良俗原则来规定。
[Abstract]:The system of invalid civil legal acts has always been an important part of the theory of civil law in our country. However, there are still many different opinions between the theoretical circle and the judicial practice circle on how to determine the types of invalid civil legal acts. The establishment of invalid civil legal acts involves the restriction of the state public power on the private rights of citizens, on the core values and principles of civil law, such as equality and freedom, etc. Its importance is self-evident. The General principles of Civil Law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "General principles of Civil Law") have made the following adjustments to the relevant system of invalid civil legal acts: down-regulating persons with no capacity for civil conduct The age limit is 8 years; To change the invalidity of fraudulent, coerced or dangerous civil acts into revocability, to repeal the enumerative legislation of "cover-up of illegal purpose by lawful form" and "malicious collusion to harm the interests of the state, the collective or the third party"; Increase the relevant provisions of conspiracy hypocrisy meaning to express invalidity; limit the illegal legal source rank of illegal invalid civil legal act to law, administrative regulations and add proviso, its rationality and progress is very obvious. However, a person who gives a person without civil capacity the right age, intelligence, and mental health to carry out civil legal acts that are appropriate to his age, intelligence, and mental health shall be permitted to exercise civil legal acts in accordance with his age, intelligence, and ability to do so. There is no difference in the legislative purpose of civil legal acts in accordance with the state of mental health. The General principles of Civil Law of our country should add a proviso after the invalid provisions of civil legal acts carried out by persons with no capacity for civil conduct: "but its implementation is in accordance with its age," In addition, the General principles of Civil Law should also specify the invalidity of unilateral civil legal acts that restrict the capacity of civil conduct. In addition, in order to ensure the integrity of the territory of invalid civil legal acts with defective expression of will, the General principles of Civil Law should also increase the provisions on the exception of invalid civil legal acts and the banter of invalid civil legal acts. In view of the fact that the "malicious collusion" in judicial practice can be found in the current civil law of our country, therefore, the General principles of Civil Law of our country should abolish the provision of "malicious collusion" thoroughly. The vast majority of "malicious collusion" in judicial practice can be regulated by the system of conspiracy, the system of false expression of will, the system of unauthorized agency, the system of disposition, the system of revocation of creditors, etc. The few remaining "malicious acts of collusion" can be prescribed by the principle of public order and good practice.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

【参考文献】