论经营者场所安全保障义务的责任认定

发布时间：2018-05-19 04:02

本文选题：经营者 + 场所　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来各种休闲娱乐场所的出现,在满足群众物质文化需求、增添生活乐趣的同时,其中的安全隐患也给公众的人身、财产安全造成了威胁,经营者违反场所安全保障义务而引发的损害赔偿纠纷常常见诸报端。随着公众法律意识的不断增强和我国有关立法的相继出台,经营者场所安全保障义务的责任认定问题逐渐受到社会各界的广泛关注和重视。但是,由于我国对经营者场所安全保障义务的法律规范及相关制度不够健全,导致在司法实践中经营者违反义务所应承担的责任往往难以明确界定。因此,有必要从经营者场所安全保障义务的理论问题入手,进而明确经营者场所安全保障义务的责任如何认定、怎样承担等问题,为进一步完善我国相关立法提供参考,为有效解决司法实践中的责任认定问题打下基础。本文除引言和结语以外,包括以下四个部分：第一部分,经营者场所安全保障义务的基本理论。该部分主要梳理了经营者场所安全保障义务的概念、内容、理论依据以及法理依据等问题。首先,经营者场所安全保障义务是指经营者对消费者、潜在消费者等进入其经营场所的人所承担的保障其人身、财产安全的义务；其次,经营者场所安全保障义务的内容既包括硬件方面,也包括软件方面；再次,经营者场所安全保障义务理论上的依据可以概括为危险控制理论、收益与风险相一致理论和成本最优理论,法理上的依据主要是诚实信用原则、平等原则等民法基本原则。第二部分,违反安全保障义务的归责原则。该部分详细阐述了关于经营者场所安全保障义务归责原则的学术观点及实践做法,并提出应适用过错推定责任原则的观点。第三部分,经营者违反场所安全保障义务的认定。具体包括行为人存在过错的认定、行为人存在违反场所安全保障义务的行为如何判断、损害事实的发生以及行为与损害之间的因果关系的认定,其中重点分析了认定经营者过错的标准,笔者认为一般认定标准可以借鉴善良管理人标准确定,同时针对特殊情况适用更为严格的特殊标准。第四部分,探讨违反安全保障义务侵权责任认定中的问题及完善,建议在立法中增加经营者存在过错的判定标准、适用的归责原则及举证责任分配等法律规范,同时构建认定责任分担的具体方法,为我国经营者场所安全保障义务制度的完善提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the emergence of various leisure and entertainment places has not only satisfied the material and cultural needs of the masses and increased the fun of life, but also posed a threat to the personal and property safety of the public at the same time. The dispute of damages caused by the operator's breach of the duty of safety and security of the place is often reported in the newspaper. With the increasing of the public's legal consciousness and the introduction of the relevant legislation in our country, the responsibility of the operator's duty to ensure the safety of the place has been paid more and more attention to by all walks of life. However, due to the lack of perfect legal norms and related systems for the duty of safety and security of operators in our country, it is often difficult to define clearly the responsibility of operators for breach of their obligations in judicial practice. Therefore, it is necessary to start with the theoretical problems of the duty of safety and security of the operator's place, and then clarify the responsibility of the duty of safety and security of the operator's place, how to assume and so on, so as to provide a reference for the further improvement of the relevant legislation of our country. It lays a foundation for solving the problem of responsibility recognition in judicial practice. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper includes the following four parts: the first part, the basic theory of the operator's duty of safety and security. This part mainly combs the concept, the content, the theory basis and the legal principle basis of the operator's place safety guarantee duty. First, the duty of the operator to ensure the safety of the place is the obligation of the operator to protect his personal and property safety to the consumer, the potential consumer, etc., The content of the duty of safety and security of operator's place includes both hardware and software. Thirdly, the theoretical basis of the duty of safety and security of operator's place can be summarized as the theory of risk control. The basic principles of civil law, such as the principle of good faith and the principle of equality, are the basis of the theory of consistent income and risk and the optimal theory of cost. The second part, the principle of imputation of violating the duty of safety and security. In this part, the author expatiates on the academic viewpoint and practice of liability imputation principle of operator's place safety and security, and puts forward the point of view that the principle of presumption of fault liability should be applied. The third part, the operator violates the place safety guarantee duty confirmation. It includes the cognizance of the perpetrator's fault, how to judge the behavior of violating the duty of safety and security of the place, the occurrence of the damage fact and the determination of the causality between the act and the damage. The author thinks that the general standard can be determined by the standard of kind-hearted manager, and at the same time, the more strict standard can be applied to the special circumstances. In the fourth part, the author discusses the problems and perfection of tort liability in violation of safety and security obligations, and proposes to increase the legal norms such as the judgment standard of operator's fault in legislation, the applicable principle of liability imputation and the distribution of burden of proof, etc. At the same time, the concrete method of responsibility sharing is constructed to provide reference for the perfection of the duty system of safety and security of the operators in our country.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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