互联网中个人信息民法保护制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 23:42

本文选题：个人信息 + 立法现状　；参考：《海南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：对于“个人信息”的定义,世界各国和各地区,并没有一个统一的说法,除了“个人信息”之外,“个人数据”以及“个人隐私”也常用来表示个人信息。我国学者齐爱民认为：个人信息指的是所有能够识别自然个体的信息的总和。互联网中的个人信息则还包含了民事个体在网络活动中的各项信息资料。个人信息主要有三个特点：人格性与财产性的双重属性、可识别性以及易采集性。互联网中侵害个人信息的表现形式多种多样,其中最主要的是网络服务提供者以及网络用户对个人信息的侵害,这些侵权行为使个人信息所有者的人身安全遭受损害,垃圾短信也扰乱了人们的生活,甚至一些侵权者利用个人信息进行犯罪。个人信息不仅仅涉及公民的基本权利,也关乎社会稳定和谐,与此同时,社会经济健康发展也要求对个人信息进行保护,因此,对互联网中个人信息进行保护是相当必要的。我国个人信息民法保护现状不容乐观。较之欧美国家,我国对这方面的立法程序启动较晚,加之立法水平有限,社会关注不够等。不难发现,我国对于个人信息保护方面的规定,散见于《民法通则》、《侵权责任法》等法律法规中,缺乏体系化的保护,从而导致对个人信息保护范围模糊、保护力度弱等问题。但从目前的立法发展趋势来看,该方面的立法已经有了飞跃性地发展。从2012年起,全国人大常委会、工信部等部委接连公布旨在强化个人信息保护的法律法规,可以说政府已经逐渐重视对互联网中个人信息保护的问题。域外许多国家和地区均制定了符合其实际情况的关于个人信息保护的法律法规,典型的有欧洲的德国、英国,美洲的美国,以及亚洲的日本、中国香港地区和中国台湾地区。通过对其他国家（地区）法律制度的研究比较,去粗取精,吸取经验,从而引导我国制定符合我国国情的《个人信息保护法》和《网络个人信息保护法》。我国互联网中个人信息民法保护制度所存在的问题主要有以下几点：互联网中个人信息的定义及范围模糊、侵权责任主体不易认定、侵权责任归责原则不清、侵权责任承担方式未确定以及相关法律法规实施的监督力度弱等。就上述存在的问题,应有针对性的予以一一解决：合理界定互联网中个人信息的范围以及内容、明确侵权责任主体、完善侵权责任归责原则、确定侵权责任的承担方式、设立独立的第三方监督机构,从而顺应时代潮流,不断完善我国互联网中个人信息民法保护制度,切实保护公民的个人信息安全。
[Abstract]:There is no uniform definition of "personal information" in all countries and regions of the world. In addition to "personal information", "personal data" and "personal privacy" are also often used to denote personal information. Qi Aimin, a Chinese scholar, believes that personal information refers to the sum of all information that can identify natural individuals. The personal information in the Internet also contains all kinds of information materials of the civil individuals in the network activities. Personal information has three main characteristics: dual attributes of personality and property, identifiability and easy collection. There are many forms of infringing personal information in the Internet, the most important of which is the infringement of personal information by network service providers and network users, which makes the personal safety of the owner of personal information suffer harm. Spam messages also disrupt people's lives, and even some infringers use personal information to commit crimes. Personal information is not only related to the basic rights of citizens, but also to social stability and harmony. At the same time, the healthy development of social economy also requires the protection of personal information. Therefore, it is necessary to protect personal information in the Internet. Our country personal information civil law protection present situation is not optimistic. Compared with the European and American countries, our country started the legislative process late, coupled with the limited level of legislation, social concern and so on. It is not difficult to find that the regulations on the protection of personal information in our country are scattered in the laws and regulations such as the General principles of Civil Law and the Tort liability Law, and lack of systematic protection, which leads to the ambiguity of the scope of personal information protection and the weak degree of protection. But from the current legislative development trend, the legislation in this area has developed by leaps and bounds. Since 2012, the standing Committee of the National people's Congress, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other ministries and commissions have promulgated laws and regulations aimed at strengthening the protection of personal information. It can be said that the government has gradually attached importance to the protection of personal information on the Internet. Many overseas countries and regions have formulated laws and regulations on personal information protection in accordance with their actual situation, typical of which are Germany, Britain, the United States of America, Japan in Asia, Hong Kong in China and Taiwan in China. Through the study and comparison of the legal systems of other countries (regions), we can learn from the rough and learn from the experience, and guide our country to formulate the personal Information Protection Law and the Network personal Information Protection Law, which are in line with the national conditions of our country. The problems existing in the civil law protection system of personal information in China's Internet are as follows: the definition and scope of personal information in the Internet are vague, the subject of tort liability is not easy to identify, and the principle of liability for tort liability is unclear. Tort liability is not determined and the enforcement of relevant laws and regulations is weak. The above problems should be solved one by one: define the scope and content of personal information in the Internet rationally, clarify the subject of tort liability, perfect the principle of liability for tort liability, and determine the way to assume tort liability. The establishment of independent third party supervision organization, so as to conform to the trend of the times, constantly improve the civil law protection system of personal information in China's Internet, and effectively protect the personal information security of citizens.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

【参考文献】